PENTANDRIA. MONOGYNIA. Lithospermum. 279 
LITHOSPER'MUM.* Bloss. funnel-shaped, tube open and 
without valves at the mouth: Cal. with five divisions : 
Nuts four, very hard, imperforate. 
L. officina'le. Seeds smooth: blossoms scarcely longer than the 
calyx: leaves spear-shaped, with lateral ribs. 
FI. Dan. 1084 — E. Dot. 134 — Woodw. 213 — Kniph. 9 — Ludw. 147 — Dod. 
83. 2 — Ger. Em. 609. 2 — Park. 432. 1 — H. Ox. xi. 31. row 1. 1- — Ger. 
486. 2 —Matih. 918— Fuchs. 489 —Trag. 536— J. B. iii. 590. 2. 
( Stem annual, about two feet high. Plant rough, stiff, and branched. 
Leaves strongly veined, very entire, hairy beneath. Spikes simple, leafy, 
incurved. FI. Brit. E.) Blossoms pale yellow, with a protuberance at 
the base of each segment. Seeds as hard as bone, (polished, rarely 
more than two perfect. E.) 
Gray-mill or Millet. Common Gromwell. (Pearl Plant. Welsh: 
Maenhad meddygawl; Grawn yr haul. E.) Dry gravelly soil. In 
woods, common. P. May—June. 
L. arven'se. Seeds wrinkled: blossom scarcely longer than the ca¬ 
lyx : (leaves- obtuse, without lateral ribs. E.) 
Kniph. 10 — E. Bot. 123 — Riv. Mon. 9. 1 — FI. Dan. 456 — Blackw. 430 — 
H. Ox. xi. 28. 7 — Ger. Em. 610. 4 — Park. 432. 6 — Matih. 917. 
( Stem a foot high, often branched and decumbent. Leaves tongue-shaped, 
blunt, one-ribbed, without veins. Spikes terminal leafy, at length much 
elongated. FI. Brit. E.) Perfect seeds either two, three, or four, but 
generally three, with one abortive ; and when there are four perfect ones, 
which 1 found to be the case in two instances, there were besides two 
abortive, and six divisions in the calyx. Aikin. Roots crimson red. 
Blossom white. Seeds brown, polished, rather covered with hard 
tubercles than wrinkled. Calyx segments, after flowering, three or four 
times as long as the seeds, but in the preceding species not twice their 
length. 
Corn Gromwell. Bastard Alkanet. Salfern. Painting Root. 
(Welsh: Maenhad yr ar; Grawn y llew. E.) Corn-fields, common. 
A. May—June.f 
L. pur'puro-c^eru'leum. Seeds smooth: blossom much longer than 
the calyx: (leaves spear-shaped, acute, without lateral ribs: 
barren stems prostrate. E.) 
Hook. FI. Lond.—Jacq. Austr. 14 —>E. Bot. 117 —Pet. 29. 6—Clus. ii. 163. 
2 — Dod. 83. I — Loh. Ohs. 245. 1 — Ger. Em. 609. 1 — Park . 431 — H. Ox. 
xi. 31. 1—Pluk. 762.— Ger. 486. 1— J. B. iii. 692. 1. 
{Stems twelve to eighteen inches long, leafy. Leaves spear-shaped, con¬ 
tracted at the base into a short foot-stalk, verrucose on the upper surface, 
paler beneath, tapering to a point, one-ribbed, without veins, rough. 
* (From X<9of a stone ; and a 7 repfxoi, seed ; from the stony hardness of the seeds. E.) 
*|* Girls in the north of Europe paint their faces with the juice of the root upon days of 
festivity. The bark of the root tinges wax and oil of a beautiful red, similar to that 
which is obtained from the root of the foreign Alkanet. Sheep and goats eat it. Cows are 
not fond of it. Horses and swine refuse it. (It injures the scythes and sickles of the 
reapers by its siliceous cuticle. Barton. E.) 
