286 PENTANDRIA. MONOGYNIA. Echitjm, 
shown to Mr. Woodward by Mr. Eagle. North side of Llandidno Rocks, 
descending to the Llech, in a most perilous situation, and certainly wild. 
Mr. Griffith. Conflux of the Corve and Teme, Ludlow. Dr. Evans, in 
Rot. Guide. By the church and castle of Dunbar. Hooker. Guillon 
Links. Mr. Arnott, in Grev. Edin. E.) A. April—May. 
LYCOP'SIS.* * * § 13loss, tube incurved, mouth closed with scales : 
Nuts four, perforate. 
L. arven'sis. Leaves spear-shaped, hirsute; calyx while in flower 
upright: (limb of the blossom slightly unequal. E.) 
Curt. 336—(E. Bot. 938. E.) — Kniph. 3—Fuchs. <269—Bod. 628. 2 —Ger. 
Em. 799. 3 — J. B. iii. 581—//. Ox. xi. 26. 8 — Riv. Mon. 7. 2 — FI. Dan. 
435— Blackw. 234 —Trag. 234. 
An extremely harsh, rough, and bristly plant. Stems one to two feet high, 
branched, thick, cylindrical. Leaves nearly strap-shaped, sometimes nearly 
egg-shaped ; waved at the edge, and somewhat toothed. Calyx segments 
spear-shaped. Blossom sky-blue ; (tube and valves white. Racemes in 
pairs, forked, revolute, leafy. Fruit rugose. Bristles arising from callous 
bulbs. E.) 
Small Bugloss. (Welsh: Bleidd-drem; Tafod yr ych culddail. E.J 
Corn-fields and road sides. A. June—Sept.T 
E'CHIUM.J Bloss. irregular; mouth naked: Nuts four, large, 
rough, imperforate : {Summit cloven. E.) 
E. vulga're. Stem rough with bristles and tubercles: stem-leaves 
spear-shaped, hirsute; single-ribbed: flowers in lateral spikes, 
hairy. 
E. Bot. 181— Kniph. 1— FI. Dan. 445— Riv. Mon. 7. 1— Blackw. 299— 
Matth. 996— Dod. 631. 1— Loh. Ohs. 312.2— Ger. Em. 802. 2— Parle. 414. 
1— H. Ox. xi. 27. row 3. 1 — Matth. 892. 
{Plant rough with prickly bristles. Stems one to two feet high, leafy, 
crowded with spikes forming one common raceme. Leaves alternate, 
dull green, the lowest stalked. Root-leaves near two feet long, strap¬ 
shaped. Flowers numerous, in recurved spikes gradually becoming 
erect; those of each spike pointing one way, and closely wedged toge¬ 
ther. Blossom large and showy, before it expands of a fine red, after¬ 
wards of a bright blue. Stamens much longer than the blossom. ( Leaves 
tubercled, and rough with hairs. E.) 
Common Viper Grass or Viper’s Bugloss. (Welsh : Gwiberlys cyffre- 
din; Bronwertn y wiber. E.) Sandy corn-fields, walls, and on rubbish. 
Particularly on the clay or schistus thrown out of coal mines. 
B. June—Aug.§ 
* (From Auxof, a wolf, and o\^f, a face; from a supposed similitude in the blossom to 
the countenance of that animal. E.) 
t (Abbd Fontana has strongly recommended the application of this plant, bruised and 
pounded, to the worst kind of carbunculous ulceration ; but the practice has not attracted 
much attention in England. E.) 
X (From t%ig, a viper ; its seeds when ripe resembling the head of that reptile; and 
hence, possibly, originated the expectation of its proving an alexipharmic. E.) 
§ Cows and sheep are not fond of it. Horses and goats refuse it. This plant dried 
and powdered forms an ingredient of the celebrated Spanish remedy against the bites of 
