322 PENTANDRIA. MONOGYNIA. Rhamnus. 
(E. pulchel/la. Stem forked, variously branched, or simple winged: 
flowers solitary, stalked : calyx more than half as long as the tube : 
segments of the blossom lanceolate: leaves ovate. 
E. Bot. 458 —Swartz. Jet. Stockh. 1783. t. 3./. 89. 
Stem solitary, erect, from one to two or three inches high, sometimes more, 
varying extremely in luxuriance, being naturally much branched in a 
forked corymbose manner ; but in a starved state, as Swartz met with it 
quite simple and single-flowered; in every form it is leafy and square, 
with membranous, more or less dilated, angles. Leaves ovate, bluntish, 
with three or five slender ribs; the upper ones more lanceolate ; lowest 
obovate or round. FI. stalked from each fork, as well as from each termi¬ 
nation, of the stem, erect, slender. Cal. above half as long as the tube 
even in an advanced state ; at an early period full as long, with slender 
awl-shaped segments, combined by a membranous base. Bloss. with a 
pale slender tube; the limb of a full pink, as delicate and narrow as in 
the last, much less ovate than in the two former species. Anthers less 
spiral than in any of them, making scarcely one turn. Style a little ob¬ 
lique, with large spreading stigmas. Caps, long, tumid, invested with 
the blossom, as in other species. Sm. 
Branched Dwarf Centaury. In sandy grounds, chiefly near the sea. E.) 
Downs at Port Owen, Cornwall, near the sea. Mr. Watt. (Gorlestone, 
Suffolk, near the sea. Mr. Turner. Braunton Burroughs, Devonshire. 
Rev. Dr. Goodenough. On Cromlyn Burrows, near Swansea, abundant. 
Mr. Dillwyn. Near Sandwich, and plentifully above Sandgate. Mr. J. 
Woods, jun. Very common on the South Downs, Sussex. Mr. Borrer. 
Bot. Guide. Mary-Church Devon. Rev. J. Pike Jones. Sea-coast, 
near Prestatyn, Flintshire. Mr. Griffith. Isle of Sheppey. Mr. Winch. 
E.) A. Aug.—Sept. 
RHAM'NUS. # Calyx tubular; bearing the petals: Berry 
about three-celled. E.) 
R. cathar/ticus. Thorns terminal: flowers four-cleft, barren and 
fertile on different plants: leaves egg-shaped, serrated: stem 
upright: (berry four-seeded. E.) 
FI. Boss. i. 61— FI. Dan. 850—( E . Bot. 1629. E.)— Blackw. 135— Matth. 
158— Woodv. 114— Dod. 756— Ger. Em. 1337. 2— Park. 243. 1 at the 
bottom — Clus. i. Ill— Lob. Obs. 599. 1— Ger. Em. 1337. 1— Park. 243. 1. 
( Flowers much clustered, on short fruit-stalks, yellow green. Hook. Not 
invariably dioecious. FI. Brit. E.) Summit quadrifid. Stamens four. 
Blossoms pale green. Berries black, (nauseous, with four cells. E.) 
Common Buckthorn. (Irish: Bren TJhal. Maide Bren. Welsh: Rhafn - 
wydden. E.) (Clapham, and Ravensden, in woods and hedges. Abbot. 
Hedges near Reading. Mr. Fardon, in Bot. Guide. Near Eton. Mr. 
Gotobed. Garregwen rocks, near Garn, Denbighshire. Mr. Griffith. 
Plentiful at Brixton, and in other parts of Devonshire. Polwhele. Ity- 
hope Dean, Durham, on the edges of rocks. Mr. Weighed. Woods 
at Penrice, and on the Flat Holmes, Glamorganshire. Dr. Turton. 
* (Possibly compounded from pann to destroy, and [xevog strength ; alluding to its 
drastic qualities. E.) 
