PENTANDRIA. MONOGYNIA. Viola. 
325 
site. Fruit-stalks from the bosom of the leaves, and supporting one or 
two pair of flowers. Petals greenish white. Filaments fixed in holes in 
the receptacle. Fruit angular, purplish; sometimes white. ( Capsule 
four-celled. Mr. O. Roberts. E.) 
Spindle-tree. Prickwood. Gatteridge-tree. (Irish: Feorus. 
Welsh: Piswydden. E.) Woods and hedges. This singular and beau¬ 
tiful shrub is very common in Devonshire. (Also in the hedges of Dor¬ 
setshire. Pulteney. Hedge a little above the Dell rivulet, towards Long- 
ridge, near Painswick. Mr. O. Roberts. By Ullswater in Gowbarrow 
Park. Hutchinson. Castle Eden Dean, Durham. Derwent-wMer, at 
Barrow. Mr. Winch. Blackstone Rock, near Bewdley. Scott in Purt. 
Old fortification on Bryn Gwydryn, Anglesey, plentifully. Welsh Bot. 
In the King’s Park, near St. Anthony’s Well; about Craig-millar Castle. 
Mr. Maughan. Grev. Edin. E.) S. May—June.* 
VI'OLA. Calyx five-leaved, adhering to the blossom above the 
base: Bloss. five petals, irregular, spurred : Caps, one 
celled, three-valved. 
(1) Stemless. 
V. hir'ta. (Leaves heart-shaped, as their stalks rough with hair: 
calyx obtuse. E.) 
Wale. — Curt. —( E. Bot. 894. E.)— FI. Dan. 618— H. Ox. v. 35. row 1. f. 4 
— Pet. 37. 7 —Brunsf. 137. 3 —Trag. 558. 
Boot rather woody; throwing out young shoots, but which do not creep 
and strike root as in V. odorata. After the first flowers are withered, the 
plant continues, for a month or more, to throw out others entirely desti¬ 
tute of petals, or with only the rudiments of them, which never appear 
beyond the calyx, but with all the other parts of fructification perfect, 
and producing on the first crop perfect seeds. Curt. ( Blossom drooping, 
pale greyish blue, sometimes streaked darker; scentless. Capsule glo¬ 
bose, hairy. E.) 
Hairy Violet. (Welsh: Gwiolyddjlewog. E.) Shady places and hedges 
in calcareous soil. (About Charlton, Kent. E. Bot. Barton Hill, Bed¬ 
fordshire. Abbot. Very common about Garn, near Denbigh. Mr. Grif¬ 
fith. Peninsula of Gower, Glamorganshire, not unfrequent. Mr. Dillwyn. 
Banks of the Tyne, at Wylam; and in Castle Eden Dean, Durham. Mr. 
Winch.) Limestone rocks on the common above Gordale, in going thence 
towards the Tarn. Whittaker’s Craven. At Helford Ferry, Cornwall. 
Rev. J. Pike Jones. In Penmon Park, Anglesey, east of the Church 
abundantly. Welsh Bot. Bank near the toll. North Queen’s-ferry. Mr. 
Neill. Grev. Edin. E.) P. March—April. 
V. odora'ta. (Leaves heart-shaped, nearly smooth: scions creeping: 
calyx obtuse. E.) 
* The berries operate violently on the bowels. They are fatal to sheep (and goats. E.) 
Powdered, and sprinkled upon the hair, they destroy vermin. (In Fiance this shrub is 
sometimes called Bonnet du pretre , from the form of the seed-vessel: the covering of the 
seeds affording a beautiful example of the arillus, which opens as the seeds ripen. E.) If 
the wood be cut when the plant is in blossom, it is tough, and is not easily broken ; and in 
that state is used by watchmakers for cleaning watches, and to make skewers and tooth¬ 
picks. Goats and sheep eat it. Horses refuse it. Cows are so fond of the shoots in the 
spring as constantly to break down the banks of the field w herever a plant of it stands. 
Woodward. Musical-instrument makers use it for keys of organs, &c.; and, according to 
Linnaeus, it furnishes the best charcoal for the limner, E.) 
