PENTANDRIA. DIGYNIA. Swkrtia. 
367 
and nine. Stamens five and six. Summits three. St. Flowers on long 
fruit-stalks. (The large hop-like/rmY is abundant, and very conspicuous 
in May and June. Sm. E.) 
The bark will peel from the boughs for many feet without breaking. The 
boughs spread themselves wider, and hang more down than those of 
U. campestris. Leaves and seeds much larger. Johnson in Ger. Em. 
Trunk soon dividing into long wide-spreading winged branches ; when at 
its full growth seldom rises to above one third the height of U. cam¬ 
pestris. It flowers when even under thirty feet high, while U. cam¬ 
pestris seldom flowers till it has gained a much greater age and height. 
Branches very brittle. St. Sm. 
Wych Hasel. Broad-leaved Elm. (Welsh: Llwyfanen lydanddail. 
E.) U. montana. C. B. Pin. U. effusa. Sibth. Shady lanes, and out¬ 
skirts of woods. Ray. In Scotland and the north of England it seems 
to prevail in woods and brakes, as well as hedge-rows. About Kendal. 
Mr. Gough. (Very frequent and luxuriant in Hertfordshire. Smith. 
E.) T. March—April.* 
SWER'TIA.f Bloss. wheel-shaped ; with nectariferous pores 
at the base of the segment: Caps, one-celled, two-valved. 
S. peren'nis. Blossoms five-cleft: root-leaves oval. 
Jacq. Austr. 243— (E. Bot. 1441. E.) — Kniph. 7—Clus. i. 316. 2—Ger. 
Em. 433. 5— Barr. 91— H. Ox. xii. 5. 11. 
(A beautiful plant. Stem upright, undivided, a foot high, rather quadran¬ 
gular, smooth, but few leaves on it. Almost all root-leaves , on leaf-stalks, 
very entire, slightly veined, smooth. Spike terminal, upright. Fruit- 
stalks, opposite, angular, one-flowered, with Jloral-leaves at the base, ses¬ 
sile, elliptic-oblong, very entire. Flowers greyish purple, scentless. 
* (Whether there be more than two distinct species of British Elm may be questionable. 
Several authors have attempted to define five or six, but we are not prepared entirely to 
acquiesce in so numerous a division of the genus. The best writers, on comparison, 
abound with discrepancies. We subjoin an abstract from a recent elaborate work of Smith. 
U. campestris. Common Small-leaved Elm. 
Leaves doubly serrated, rough. Flowers nearly sessile, four-cleft. Capsule oblong, deeply 
cloven, naked. 
U. suherosa. Common Cork-barked Elm. 
Leaves pointed, rough, ^doubly and sharply serrated. Flowers stalked, four or five-cleft. 
Capsule almost orbicular, deeply cloven, naked. Branches spreading; their bark corky. 
U. major. Dutch Cork-barked Elm. 
Leaves rough, unequally and rather bluntly serrated. Flowers nearly sessile, four-cleft. 
Capsule ob-ovate, slightly cloven, naked. Branches drooping ; their bark corky. 
U. montana. Broad-leaved Elm. Wych Hasel. 
Leaves pointed, rough, doubly serrated. Flowers stalked, loosely tufted, five or six-cleft. 
Capsule somewhat orbicular, slightly cloven, naked. Branches drooping ; their bark 
even. 
U. glabra. Smooth-leaved or Wych Elm. 
Leaves elliptic-oblong, doubly serrated, smooth. Flowers nearly sessile, five-cleft. Fruit 
ob-ovate, naked, deeply cloven. E.) 
+ (In honour of the Dutch florist Emanuel Jjweert, author of “ Florilegium,” 1612. 
