360 PENTANDRIA. DIGYNIA. Xanthium. 
that the plants he had mentioned to Petiver were the Autumnal Gentian 
flowering earlier than usual. 
Gentianella fi/gax verna, seu prcecox. Ray. Gentianella purpurea minima. 
Col. (G. Amarella (3. Sm. reported as found by Sir J. Cullum on a heath 
between Grantham and Ancaster, and conjectured to be a dwarf variety 
which had survived the winter. E.) April—June. 
Autumnal Gentian. (Welsh : Crwynllys chwerw. E.) In dry pastures* 
mostly on calcareous soil. (Canham Heath* near Bury; Broughton 
Heath* Huntingdonshire. Mr. Woodward. About Gordale, below the 
waterfall. Mr. Wood. Arthur’s Seat* Edinburgh. Mr. Bingham. Abun¬ 
dant on Leckhampton Hill* near Cheltenham. Rev. S. Dickenson. Com¬ 
mon on the chalky grounds of Dorset; in Nutford Field* on Pimpern 
Down* and in Langton Coppice* near Blandford. Pulteney. Box Hill ; 
and on lime-stone pastures from Sunderland to Castle Eden. Mr. Winch. 
Keswick. Hutchinson. On the Zig-zag and Hanger* Selborne. White’s 
Nat. Hist. Beneath the precipice at Bryngwydryn* Anglesey. Welsh 
Bot. E.) River side opposite St. Vincent’s Rocks* Bristol. 
A. Aug.—Sept. 
G. campes'tris. Blossom salver-shaped* four-cleft: mouth bearded: 
two outer calyx segments larger. 
E. Bot. 237 — FI. Dan. 367 — Barr. 97. 2— H. Ox. xii. 5. rozo 3. 9. 
(Much resembles G. amarella * but is generally of lower* growth* and more 
branched** the calyx-leaves furnish the principal distinction; this plant 
having two, ovate* broad* decidedly larger than the others* which are 
lanceolate* or nearly awl-shaped; in the former plant the segments of 
the calyx are all equal. E.) 
Field Gentian. (Welsh: Crwynllys y maes. Gaelic: Lus-a -chruhain. 
E.) Mountainous pastures. About Kendal. Mr. Woodward. Llan- 
berris* Wales; and Perian Round* Cornwall. Hudson. Boggy field 
adjoining to Horsforth Beck* four miles from Leeds* plentiful. And 
amongst the high rocks above the water-fall in Gordale. Mr. Wood. 
Stratton Heath* Norfolk. Mr. Crowe. (Common about Allerton Hall* 
near Liverpool. Dr. Bostock. A little below the Roman encampment, 
and elsewhere* near Pains wick. Mr. O. Roberts. Near Hexham* and 
on the west side of Shewing Shields* Northumberland. Mr. Winch. 
Frequent in Anglesey. Welsh Bot. Pentland Hills. M. Arnott. Grev. 
Edin. E.) A. Aug.—Oct.* 
G. Centaurium * see Chironia Centaurium. 
G.Jiliformis } see Exacum Jiliforme. 
XAN'THIUM.f Barren and fertile flowers on the same plant. 
B. Cal. common, tiled : Bloss. one petal; funnel- 
shaped, five-cleft: Recept . chaffy. 
F. Involucr. two-leaved* two-flowered: Bloss. none : 
Caps, double* prickly, bifid : Nut two-celled. 
X. struma htiUM. Stem thornless: leaves heart-shaped, three-fibred 
towards the base. 
* (The different species of Gentian abound with the bitter principle, and in some 
northern counties are substituted for Hops. E.) 
+ (From $av9os, yellow ; the plant yielding a dye of that colour. E.) 
