394 
PENTANDRIA. DIGYNIA. Carum. 
shaped yellow base. Stem much branched, leafy, scored, smooth. Whole 
plant has a peculiarly strong aromatic adour. E.) 
Common Fennel. (Welsh : Ffeniglcyffredin. E.) Chalky cliffs. Near 
Marazion, Cornwall, plentiful. Mr. Watt. Nottingham Castle. Mr. 
Whately. Near Spetchly, Worcestershire. Dr. Stokes. Western coasts, 
common. (Ballast Hills at Ayre’s Quay, near Sunderland. Mr. Winch. 
Between Borth and Llandysilio, Anglesey. Welsh Bot. Abundant on 
the shores of the Teign, near Bitton, and extending thence by the road 
side towards Newton Bushel. E.) B. July—Aug.* * 
CA'RUM.f Involucrum one leaf: Petals united, incurved, 
emarginate : Fruit small, elliptical, gibbous, roundish, 
striated. 
C. Ca'rui. 
{FI. Dan. 1091 —E. Bot. 1503. E.)— Ludw. 156— J'acq. Austr. 393— Woodv. 
4>5—Tourn. 160. 3— Blackw. 529— Riv. Pent. 55. Carum.-— Ger. 879 — H. 
Ox. ix. 9. row 2. 1— Pet. 26. 1— Dod. 299. 2 — Lob. Obs. 418. 1, and Ic. i. 
724>. 1— Ger. Em. 1034— Park. 910. 
{Root tapering. E.) Plant two to three feet high; quite smooth, (branched, 
furrowed. E.) Leaves doubly compound; leajits in sixes, in a sort of 
whorl, two of them longer. Involucrum from one to five leaves. Umbel , 
spokes nine to twelve. Florets all fertile, (sometimes only the marginal 
ones so. E.) Petals and styles slightly tinged with red. 
Caraway. (Welsh: Carwas; Carddwy. E.) Meadows, pastures, and 
waste places. Near Bury. Mr. Cullum. (Park-field at Thurleigh, Bed¬ 
fordshire, in such quantity as to be regularly gathered for use. Rev. 
Dr. Abbot. On a hedge in the parish of Llandsadwrn, Anglesey, be¬ 
tween Cefn coch and the church. Welsh Bot. Between Newhall and 
South Queensferry, and near the village of Abercorn. Mr. Maughan, in 
Grev. Edin. Under the rocks of Edinburgh Castle, towards the west. 
Dr. Parsons, in Lightf. E.) B. May—June.J 
PIMPINEL/LA.§ Petals incurved : Styles upright: Summit 
nearly globular: Fruit small, egg-oblong, with five 
elevated ridges. 
* The tender buds are useful in salads. The leaves boiled are used in sauce for several 
kinds of fish, and eaten raw with pickled fish. In Italy the stalks are blanched as a winter 
salad. The seeds abound with an essential oil, which is carminative and diuretic, hut not 
heating. Pnpilio Machaon feeds upon this herb. 
t (From Caria, a district of Minor Asia, from which the seeds may have been imported 
as an article of commerce. E.) 
* Parkinson says, the young roots are better eating than Parsneps. The tender leaves 
may be boiled with potherbs, and were probably considered dainty fare in the olden time, 
for with some such treat did Justice Shallow entertain Falstaff; 
“Nay, you shall see mine orchard, where, in an arbour, we will eat. a last year’s pippin 
of my own grafting, with a dish of Caraways .” Shaks. Hen. IV. 
The seeds are used in cakes ; incrusted with sugar are called Caraway Comfits ; and are 
distilled with spirituous liquors for the flavour they afford. They are no despicable remedy 
in tertian agues. They abound with an essential oil, which is antispasmodic and carmina¬ 
tive. Sheep, goats, and swine eat the plant. Cows and horses are not fond of it. (We learn 
from Phil. Journ. that one pound of Caraway seeds, yielding four ounces of oil, also affords 
about half an ounce of Camphor. In Kent and Essex the herb is cultivated in a warm, 
dry soil, but is a very exhausting crop. E.) 
§ (Supposed by Ambrosinus to be a corruption of bipinella, or bipennula f as expressive of 
the feather-like structure of the foliage. E.) 
