HEXANDRIA. MONOGYNIA. Juncus. 
439 
(J. glau'cus. Stem naked, straight, glaucous: panicle upright, far 
below the summit: capsule elliptical, pointed, rather shorter 
than the calyx. 
E. Bot. 665—FL Dan. 1159—Leers 13. 3—77. Ox. viii. 10. 13 —Dod. 605. 3 
— Ger. Em. 35. 4. 
Stems rigid and very tough, glaucous, striated, eighteen inches or two feet 
high, rather more slender than the last; tapering and acute, scarcely 
pungent, at the summit; sheathed at the base, with large, brown, 
polished, partly pointed, close scales. Panicle generally about half way 
between the root and the summit, without any external bractea , aggre¬ 
gate, with roundish branches of unequal length, nearly upright, cymose. 
Calyx-leaves awl-shaped, pale brown, with a darker keel. Stamens six, 
with long, bright, yellow anthers. Caps, acutely triangular, elliptical, 
with a sharp point, scarcely so long as the three shortest, internal, leaves 
of the calyx. 
Hard Rush. J. glaucus. Sibth. Bicheno. Sm. J. ejffusus (3. Huds. 
J. inflexus. Relh. With. Hull. Abbot. Leers. Moist pastures and road 
sides. P. July. 
(J. conglomera'tus. Stem naked, straight: panicle dense, globular, 
far below the summit: capsule abrupt: stamens three. 
FI. Dan. 1094— E. Bot. 835 —Leers 13. 1—77. Ox. viii, 10. 7— Cam. Epit. 
780. 
Stems two feet high, quite erect, all generally fertile, grass-green, striated, 
acute, but not pungent; sheathed at the bottom with close, brown, obtuse 
scales. Panicle more than half way up the stem, bursting from a small, 
membranous-edged fissure, without a bractea , corymbose, very dense, 
mostly globular. Calyx-leaves pointed; the inner ones most membra¬ 
nous, with two ribs. Siam, always three only. Caps, ovate, strongly 
triangular, obtuse, with a small point, purplish-brown, polished, about 
the length of the calyx.—Stems more soft and pliant than in any of the 
foregoing. E.) 
(Mr. Thomson informs us that the cells of the pith are of a very curious 
structure: appearing, in a transverse section, like minute heptagonal 
wheels, or circles divided by rays passing from the centre; and these are 
evidently filled with air. The pith is surrounded by a cylinder of green 
parenchymatous matter, in which bundles of spiral vessels run, amidst 
condensed cellular matter. Mr. Thompson conjectures, that, as the Rush 
has no leaves, the green parenchymatous tube is intended to perform a 
function analogous to that of leaves, these organs consisting chiefly of a 
similar substance. E.) 
Common Rush. (Welsh : Brwynen bellenaidd. E.) Moist situations, in 
pastures, and by road-sides. P. July.* 
(J. effu'sus. Stem naked, straight: panicle loose, repeatedly com¬ 
pound, very far below the summit: capsule obtuse. 
FI. Dan. 1096— E. Bot. 836 —Leers 13. 2—Dod. 605. 2—Ger. Em. 35. 1— 
77. Ox. viii. 10. 4— C. B. Th. 182. 
* Used to make wicks for watch lights, (coated with tallow, “ darkness visible E.) 
and the pith for toys. (In Holland the roots are encouraged as giving stability to the 
banks of rivers and canals. E.) 
