DR. HICKS—PRE-HISTORIC HAH IN BRITAIN. 
151 
The men of the Early Stone age do not appear to have had any 
domestic animals. They were evidently a race of fishers and 
hunters, and doubtless lived mainly in caves, though possibly they 
were able to construct some rude shelter when these were not 
accessible. They had a certain amount of artistic skill, as may be 
seen by the drawings which they made on some of their bone 
weapons. Of the people themselves very little is known, since 
but few skeletons have been preserved. Those which have been 
found seem to show that the race must have been what is called the 
long-headed (dolichocephalic). According to MM. de Quatrefages 
and Hamy, two long-headed races occupied Europe in the Palgeo- 
lithic period. The one was characterised by the more or less 
extraordinary prominence of the superciliary ridges, and by a low, 
narrow, and receding forehead, the orbits very large and almost 
circular, the nasal bones prominent and the nasal orifices wide, 
while the upper jaw projected and the chin retreated. In short 
the face and cranium must as a rule have presented a strangely 
savage aspect. The body appears to have harmonized with the 
head, and the few bones of the limbs, preserved more or less intact, 
indicate a low stature. The other race had more finely-developed 
skulls, were also taller, and it is to these latter that the artistic 
hunters are supposed to have belonged. 
The Newer Stone age man was probably, at least in this country, 
separated from the man of the Older Stone age by a considerable 
lapse of time, hence not only are his implements much more highly 
finished, and more varied in character, but the animals which were 
associated with him were (with one or two exceptions) essentially 
the same as those which are now found in Europe. Thus the 
Palaeolithic period is marked off as it were from the Neolithic, not 
only by the very distinct character of its human relics, but also 
by the strong dissimilarity of its Mammalian remains. A gradual 
passage from the Newer Stone age to the succeeding Bronze age 
may be traced, but no such transition has as yet been detected 
in this country between the relics of the New and the Old Stone 
periods. This is probably due to the great physical changes which 
took place about this time, the cause of which constitutes one of the 
most interesting and absorbing subjects which geologists have to 
deal with. 
The oldest implements have been found mainly in those lime¬ 
stone caverns and river-gravels which have been classed geologically 
as belonging to the Post-pliocene or Pleistocene period. By most 
authorities they are assigned to a time subsequent to the Glacial 
period, though some of us maintain that there is the clearest 
evidence to show that Palaeolithic man occupied this country before 
it was overwhelmed by glacial conditions. If this can be satis¬ 
factorily proved, it, of necessity, adds greatly to man’s antiquity, 
and he must be considered as of Glacial, if not of Pre- glacial age. 
To understand what is meant by the Pre-glacial age, we must 
carry the mind back to that era in geological chronology which 
is designated by the name Tertiary , for the present geographical 
