Benson, Vegetation of Upper Mangrove Creek 
11 
Figure 3. Eucalyptus cleanei-Angophora floribunda tall open-forest showing E. deanei with Culcita 
dubia understorey and scattered shrubs of Acacia filicifolia. 
Figure 4. Eucalyptus tereticornis-E. eugenioides open-forest showing E. eugenioides with under¬ 
storey of Jacksonia scoparia. 
Figure 5. Angophora costata-Eucalyptus piperita open-forest showing Angophora costata with 
Pteridium esculentum understorey. 
Remnants of the E. tereticornis-E. eugenioides open-forest occur in the upper 
MacDonald River and Mogo Creek, though most have been cleared or partially 
cleared and are regularly grazed and burnt. Small examples have possibly been 
included in Dharug National Park. 
Angophora costata-Eucalyptus piperita OPEN-FOREST 
This community is confined to the Hawkesbury Sandstone and is found in 
moist gullies and on the sheltered sides of ridges, mainly those with easterly and 
southerly aspects. Tree height depends on the degree of shelter, and ranges from 
26 m in sheltered gullies to less than 12 m near ridge crests. 
