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Cunninghamia 
Vol. 1 (1): 1981 
Figure 3. Open-forest on Hawkesbury Sandstone (Community 4) showing dense sclerophyllous 
shrub understorey. 
Shrubs: Macrozamia communis. 
Monocotyledons: Imperata cylindrica, Ptericlium esculentum, Goodenia spp., 
Hydrocotyle sp. 
Community 4 OPEN-FOREST to LOW OPEN-FOREST—slopes on Hawkesburv 
Sandstone. 
Structure: Trees 8-25 m high; mid-dense canopy cover. Understorey usually 
dry, mid-dense to sparse with small trees, shrubs, dwarf shrubs, monocotyledons and 
herbs (Figure 3). 
Habitat: On slopes below ridges or in shallow valleys draining the plateaux. 
Usually well-drained situations on slopes above Communities 2A and 2B, downslope 
from Community 6. 
Distribution: Widespread throughout the study area, but more common in the 
south. In the north tends to grade into Community 4P on the plateaux. 
Main species present: 
Trees: Angophora costata. Eucalyptus piperita subsp. piperita , E. oblonga, 
E. umbra subsp. umbra, E. gummifera, E. haemastoma, E. pellita. 
Small trees: Banksia serrata, Casuarina littoralis, Tristania laurina. 
