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Cunninghamia 
Vol. 1 (1): 1981 
Figure 4. Low open-forest on Hawkesbury Sandstone plateau (Community 4P) with Banksia 
serrata and Eucalyptus haemastoma. 
Figure 5. Open-forest on remnant shale outcrops (Community 4S). Trees include Angophora 
costata and Eucalyptus globoidea. 
Community 4S OPEN-FOREST — remnant shale outcrops. 
Structure : Trees 10-15 m high with a mid-dense canopy cover. Understorey 
dry, low, mid-dense to sparse; mainly shrubs and monocotyledons (Figure 5). 
Habitat: Shale lense remnants on ridge tops. The soil profile shows a surface 
humus layerup to 2 cm deep, over a sandy clay loam 6 cm deep, which grades to a 
light clay. 
Distribution: Restricted to patches at the southern end of the Park. The 
largest example is south of Mt Pindar near Wondabyne. 
