MAKING AND LAYING SUBMARINE CABLES. 18 
Four strong beams 
were fixed in the fore¬ 
part of the ship, and 
these supported cast- 
iron pulleys, 4 feet 
6 inches in diameter, 
intended for the grappl¬ 
ing line. These pulleys 
projected over the cat¬ 
head so as to be clear 
of all obstacles, and over 
the centre pulley the 
line passed from the 
ship. This line was 
directly connected with 
the raising windlass, 
and passed beneath a 
dynamometer by which 
the strain on the line 
could always be read off. 
The raising-up ma¬ 
chine was the most 
powerful hitherto con¬ 
structed, and neces¬ 
sarily, as it had to deal 
with a line capable of 
bearing thirty tons. 
This machine is repre¬ 
sented in elevation and 
section in fig. 128. The 
five large drums, B B, 
each six feet in diameter, 
were fixed in parallel 
bearings ten feet apart. 
The grappling-line went 
four times round these 
drums, leaving on the 
opposite side to that 
on which it entered. 
The winding of the 
line round the drums 
was effected by rollers 
Fig, 127 . 
