108 
P. Gr. LLOYD—WILD PLANTS l 
Papaveracece. —The Poppies are exceedingly numerous and varied 
in colour, and to them we are indebted for opium, laudanum, and 
morphia, extracted from the unripe seed-capsules, whereas the 
seeds are not only destitute of narcotic properties, hut are used to 
manufacture a not unwholesome oil, largely used to adulterate 
olive-oil. The homed poppy is a very handsome plant which 
grows on the sandy sea-shore, with peculiar green foliage, large 
bright yellow flowers, and seed-pods six to ten inches long, which 
look like flower-stems bare of leaves. Another member of the 
order is the Clielidonium , swallow-wort, or greater celandine, a 
delicate plant, with small yellow flowers; its juice, an acrid poison 
of an orange colour, is a popular remedy for warts, has been success¬ 
fully employed in removing films from the corner of the eye, and is 
now used in the manufacture of a cure for corns called “ celandine.” 
Cruciferce. —Of the Crucifers, a large and important order, the 
.common weed known as shepherd’s purse, caseweed, toy wort, 
pickpurse, or poor man’s parmaceti, is to he found in every part 
of the world, varying in luxuriance according to the soil, being in 
poor stony ground but a few inches, and in rich soil growing up to 
two feet high. The Cochlmria , scurvy grass, or spoon-wort, 
common on muddy sea-shores, was much used before the intro¬ 
duction of lime-juice for the relief it afforded persons suffering 
from scurvy. Of the cardamines or bitter-cresses, one is the well- 
known lady’s smock, cuckoo-flower, meadow-cress, or spinks. Of 
the mustards, one, Alliaria officinalis , a common wayside weed, 
with large deeply-veined leaves inclined to heart shape, smallish 
white flowers, and a peculiar, far from agreeable smell, bears 
amongst others the peculiar names treacle-garlic-mustard, poor 
man’s garlic, sauce-alone, Jack-by-the-hedge, wormseed, and bank- 
cress ; it was in great vogue during the middle ages as an antidote 
to all animal poisons. 
Resedacece. —Of the Mignonettes we have only three English 
species, one of which is known by the name of dyer’s rocket or 
yellow weed or weld, from its having been used to dye wool 
yellow, or green when mixed with indigo. 
Violacece. —The Yiolets have roots and flowers which have been 
used as remedies for all sorts of diseases. There is a remarkable 
botanical curiosity in the structure of the violet which is but little 
known; it produces flowers both in spring and autumn, but the 
flowers are very different. In spring they are fully formed and 
sweet-scented, but they are mostly barren, producing no seeds, 
while in autumn they are very small, have no petals and no scent, 
but they produce abundance of seeds. A variety of the violet is 
the pansy, and it is doubtful whether careful cultivation has done 
more for any flower than it has for this. Its original name, 
“ heart’s-ease,” was taken from its supposed potency in love charms; 
others are, “ three faces under a hood,” “ cuddle-me-to-you,” and 
“ kiss-me-ere-I-rise.” 
Proseracece. —The Prosera , or sundew, is a curious little plant 
with leaves covered with red hairs, each tipped with a drop of 
