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4 TABLE OF CONTENTS. 
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SECTION I. 
Zoological and Anatomical Characters and Distribution. 
PAGE 
The Order Ophidia and its Sub-orders.—Ophidii Colubri- 
formes.—Ophidii Colubriformes Venenosi.-—Ophidii Vi- 
periformes.—Characters of Ophidia.—Head Shields.— 
Organs of Locomotion.—Food.—Indian Ophidia.— 
Innocuous and Poisonous Families.—Structure of 
Cranium and Maxillse.—Mechanism of Deglutition.— 
Dentition of Poisonous and Innocuous Snakes.—Poison 
Fangs in Colubrine and Viperine Forms.—Osteology of 
Ophidian Cranium.—Muscular Apparatus.—Poison 
Gland and Duct, and Mechanism by which the 
Virus is inoculated.—Properties and Action of the 
Poison.—Oviparous and Viviparous Snakes.—Dis¬ 
tinctive Characters of Sex.—Habits and Habitat 
of Poisonous Colubrine and Viperine Snakes.— 
General Characters. 1—5 
Elapidse.—Genera.—Characters. 
Genus Naja. 
Naja tripudians or Cobra.—Description.—Syno¬ 
nyms. — Habits. — Varieties. -—- Gokurrahs.— 
Keautiahs,—Native Names.—List of Varieties 
by Mr. Westmacott.—Native Superstitions 
respecting the Cobra.—Deaths caused by Cobra 
Bites . 6—8 
Genus Ophiophagus. 
Ophiophagus elaps or Hamadryad.—Synonyms.— 
Description.—Varieties.— Distribution.— Ha¬ 
bits.—The Dilatable Neck in Najidse . . . 8—10 
Genus Bungarus.—Description.—Species. 
Bungarus fasciatus or Sankni—Synonyms.—De¬ 
scription and Distribution.—Bungarus cseru- 
leus or Krait.—Synonyms.—Description and 
Distribution.10—11 
Genus Xenurelaps. 
Xenurelaps bungaroides.—Synonyms.—Descrip¬ 
tion . .11—12 
Genus Callophis.—Species.—Description. 
Callophis intestinalis.—Callophis macclellandii.— 
Callophis annularis.—Callophis trimaculatus.— 
Callophis nigrescens.-—Callophis cerasinus.— 
Synonyms and Descriptions.12—13 
Ophidii viperiformes,—Viperidse or Vipers.—Crotalidse 
or Pit Vipers. 14 
Viperidse.—Characters.——Genera. 
Genus Daboia. 
Daboia russellii, Russell’s Viper.—Synonyms.— 
Native Names.—Description and Distribution. 
—Habits.14—15 
Genus Echis. 
Echis carinata. — Synonyms. — Description. — 
Habits and Distribution.15—16 
Crotalidse.—Description.—Indian Genera. 
Genus Trimeresurus. — Description. — Relation of 
Potency of Poison to Species.—Habits of Trimere- 
suri.—Notes by Dr. F. Stoliczka on the Habits 
and Distribution of Trimeresuri and other 
Poisonous Snakes.17—19 
Trimeresurus gramineus.—Trimeresurus erythru- 
rus. — Trimeresurus carinatus. — Trimeresurus 
anamallensis. — Trimeresurus monticola. — Tri¬ 
meresurus strigatus.—Trimeresurus mucrosqua- 
matus. — Trimeresurus andersonii.— Trimeresu¬ 
rus wardii.—-Synonyms, Descriptions, and Dis¬ 
tribution .19—21 
Genus Peltopelor. 
Peltopelor macrolepis.—Description .... 21 
PAGE 
Genus Halys.—Character. 
Halys elliotti.—Halys himalayanus.—Description 21—22 
Genus Ilypnale. 
Hypnale nepa or Carawilla.—Description and Dis¬ 
tribution . 22 
Hydrophidse.—General Characters and Habits.—Genera . 23 
Genus Platurus.—Characters. 
Platurus scutatus.—Platurus fischeri.—Descrip¬ 
tions .23—24 
Genus Enhydrina.—Species. 
Enhydrina bengalensis orValakadyen.—Synonyms. 
—Description.24—25 
Genus Pelamis.-—Characters. 
Pelamis platurus.—Synonyms.—Description . . 25 
Genus Hydrophis.—Characters.—Species in Indian 
Seas.25—26 
Hydrophis jerdonii.—Hydrophis robusta.—Hydro- 
phis cyanocincta.—Hydrophis nigrocincta.— 
Hydrophis chloris. ■— Hydrophis coronata. •—- 
Hydrophis stricticollis. — Hydrophis curta. — 
Hydrophis crassicollis.—Hydrophis tuberculata. 
-—Hydrophis fayreriana.—Hydrophis nigra.— 
Hydrophis stewartii.—Synonyms.—Descriptions 26—28 
Other Species of Hydrophis found in Indian Seas . . 29 
SECTION II. 
Deaths by Snake-bite in the Bengal Presidency during 
1869.—Fatality of Snalces-bites.—Proposed Scale of 
Rewards for Poisonous Snakes.—Abstract of Returns. 30—32 
Tabular Return of Deaths from Snake-bite, in 1869, in 
the Province of Bengal. 33 
Tabular Returns of Deaths from Snake-bite, in 1869, in 
the Province of Assam, and in the N.W. Provinces . 34 
Tabular Returns of Deaths from Snake-bite, in 1869, in 
the Punjab and in the Province of Oude .... 35 
Tabular Returns of Deaths from Snake-bite, in 1869, in 
Orissa, in Central India, and in Burmah.—Grand 
total of deaths in 1869 . 36 
SECTION III. 
On the Treatment of Snake-bite.—Effects of Poison.—Ab¬ 
sorption and Action.—The Ligature.—Scarification.— 
Actual Cautery.—Suction.—Escharotics.—Stimulants. 
—Rousin g. —Antidotes.—Artifici al Respiration. —After 
Treatment.-—Injection of Liquor Ammonise and Liquor 
Potassse.—Snake Stones.37_40 
Suggestions for the immediate Treatment of Persons bitten 
by Poisonous Snakes, intended for the Guidance of 
Police Officers and others . 41 
SECTION IV. 
Cases of Snake-bite reported by Medical Officers in the 
Indian Military and Civil Services.—Reports of Cases 
of Poisoning by Naja tripudians, Bungarus cseruleus, 
Daboia russellii, Echis carinata, undetermined Species 
of Hydrophidse, and various Snakes unknown . . . 42—60 
How the Bite of Snakes supposed to be Poisonous may be 
cured, by Dr. J. Ewart.60_61 
Case of Poisoning (?) by Nycticebus tardigradus reported 
by Mr. J. C. Douglas, with Note by Dr. J. Anderson 61—62 
SECTION V. 
Experiments on the Influence of Snake Poison on the 
Lower Animals, and on the Value of certain Modes of 
Treatment and Reputed Antidotes . 63 
c 
