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Dicotyledons with Polypetalous Flowers — Rutacecz. 
LEAVES usually compound in Zanthoxylese and Aurantiese. In Orange ( Citrus Aurantium) and its allies 
reduced to a single leaflet, the blade of which is articulated at the base to a winged petiole; almost invariably dotted 
with translucent glands containing a volatile oil. 
Stamens free, or in Orange polyadelphous. 
OVARY lobed as in Rue (Rutcc), the lobes ultimately separating as cocci, or entire as in Orange. 
Seeds with or without albumen ; in Orange exalbuminous, and usually containing two or more embryos, 
distorted from mutual pressure. 
USES, &c.—The species of principal economic value belong to the genus Citrus, which includes the Orange 
(( 7 . Aurantium), Lemon (G. Limonum), Citron {G. medico), Lime (G. Limettci), the Mandarin or Tangerine Oranges 
( G . nobilis), and their allies. The origin of these forms, which have been cultivated from a remote period throughout 
the Tropics, is obscure. They have probably all been derived from one or two species native in Tropical Asia or 
the Indian Archipelago. The oranges imported into Britain are chiefly grown in the Island of St. Michael’s in the 
Azores, and in the south of Europe. The small fruits of a Chinese and Japanese Citrus are imported as a confection 
in sugar. The fruit of the Wampee ( Cookia 'punctata) is similarly prepared in India and China. Oil of Neroli and 
Bergamot are distilled from the flowers and rind of the fruit of a Citrus. The dry-fruited Rutacese are generally 
aromatic and pungent ; many of them are employed in their respective countries medicinally, and the seeds of a 
few species as a condiment ; the Cape Diosmeae more particularly are often strongly and disagreeably scented. 
American species of the Tribe Cuspariese contain a bitter alkaloid employed, as in Angostura bark ( Galipca ), as a 
febrifuge. 
Numerous Australian and Cape species are cultivated in greenhouses, more especially of the genera Bovonia 
Correa, Eristemon , and Barosma; also in our stoves, the Tropical American genus Erythrochiton. Common Rue 
(.Ruta graveolens), a rustic medicine formerly used as a prophylactic against plague, and Fraxinella ( Dictamnus) are 
in every garden. 
Nearly allied to Rutacese is the tropical Natural Order SlMARUBE^E, which differs in having eglandular 
leaves, and the stamens frequently provided with an adherent scale. The species are almost invariably characterised 
by extreme bitterness, as the Bitterwoods, used as popular tonic medicines, derived from Tropical American species 
of Picrcena and Quassia. 
