Dicotyledons with Gamopetaloics Flowers — -Rubiacece. 
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I. STELLATyE (Tab. 46).—Herbs. Leaves verticillate. 
Distribution. —Widely dispersed over the Globe, though most numerous in the North Temperate 
zone. The principal genera are indigenous in Britain. 
Number of British Genera, 4; Species, 15. 
II. CINCHONACEHa (Tab. 47).—Leaves opposite, with interpetiolar stipules. 
Distribution. —Extra-European, but in Tropical and Subtropical countries of both Hemispheres, 
one of the three or four largest Natural Orders of Dicotyledons, including, besides many beautiful 
species, a large number of insignificant weeds. This Sub-order is usually divided into two Tribes 
dependent upon the number of seeds in each cell of the fruit, viz., Coffece with seeds solitary in each cell, 
and Cincho 7 iece with indefinite seeds. 
Leaves always opposite and simple, and almost invariably entire; with more or less conspicuous stipules 
inserted on each side of the stem between the pairs of petioles : in Sub-order Stellate, including the Bedstraws 
(Galium ) and Madder (. Rubico ,) the leaves are whorled, apparently owing to the development of the stipules as leaves. 
COROLLA rotate in Bedstraw ( Galium ); funnel-shaped in Woodruff (Asperula) ; narrowly tubular with a 
spreading limb ( hypocrateriform) in Garden Ixora. 
USES, &c.—Coffee is the dried seeds of Ooffea arabica , probably indigenous in Tropical Africa, now cultivated 
extensively in Ceylon, Java, the West Indies and Tropical America ; the principal British supply being derived 
from Ceylon. The valuable red dye Madder is the root of species of Rubia cultivated in France, the Levant and 
Northern India. The important tonic and febrifugal drug Quinine is prepared from the bark (“ Peruvian bark”) of 
species of Cinchona growing upon the slopes of the Andes in Peru and Ecuador. Of recent years some of the 
quinine-producing species have been introduced into India, where their cultivation is now successfully established. 
Ipecacuanha, celebrated as an emetic, is the root of a Brazilian shrub ( Cephaelis Ipecacuanha). Terra Japonica or 
Gambir, an astringent imported for the use of tanners, is prepared from the Indian Uncaria Gambir. 
Cultivated in our hothouses for the sake of their ornamental flowers, are species of Ixora , Gardenia, Rentas , 
Rondeletia , Burchellia , Manettia , and several other tropical genera. 
