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Monocotyledons with Glumaceous Flowers — Graminecz . 
Fruit a dry, i-seeded grain (caryopsis), the pericarp adherent to the seed; either free as in Wheat, or at length 
adherent to the inner glumes as in Barley and Oat. 
Seed albuminous ; albumen farinaceous. 
The genera of this vast Natural Order may be grouped under two Sub-orders, viz. :— 
I. PANICACE.E.—Spikelets 2- or 3-flowered, the central and terminal flower of the spikelet perfect, lower 
flower or flowers imperfect, either unisexual or neuter, or reduced to a scaly often minute rudiment. 
II. POACEAL — Spikelets 1- to many-flowered, the central or uppermost and terminal flower of the spikelet 
rudimentary. 
Of PANICACE^E the principal Tribes in Britain or in cultivation are : 
1. Panice^e. —Spikelets 1-2-flowered. Flowering glume usually coriaceous, of firmer texture than the outer 
glumes. Chiefly tropical and subtropical. Examples : Millet (Setaria italicd), Panic Grasses (Panicum). 
2. PHALARlDEiE. —Spikelets 3-flowered, the 2 lateral flowers imperfect or represented by minute empty glumes 
within the outer glumes. Examples : Canary Grass (Phalaris cccnariensis ), Ribbon Grass (Digraphis cirundinacea), 
Sweet-scented Vernal Grass (Anthoxanthum odoratum\ Indian Corn ( Zed ). 
Of POACEiE the principal Tribes are : 
3. ORYZEiE. —Glumes rudimentary or wanting. Stamens usually more than 3. Chiefly tropical. Example : 
Rice (Oryza sativa). 
4. AGROSTIDE.E. — Spikelets 1-flowered, usually panicled, if spicate never sessile on the axis of inflorescence. 
Examples: Bent Grass ( Agrostis ), Timothy Grass ( Phleum ), Fox-tail (Alopecurus). 
5. STIPACE.E. — Spikelets 1-flowered. Flowering glume with an awn often of great length articulated at the 
base, or 3-awned ; closely convolute around the fruit. Example : Feather Grass (Stipa pennata). 
6. Avene^e. —Spikelets 2- or few-flowered, spikelets pedicellate. Outer glumes usually equalling or exceeding the 
spikelet. Awns when present usually twisted or kneed (< geniculate ). Examples : Oat (. Avena ), Soft Grass (. Holcus .) 
