NORTH AMERICAN LATER TERTIARY AND QUATERNARY BRYOZOA. 29 
1872. -I feinbranipora canariensis Smitt, Floridan Bryozoa, collected by Count L. F. de Pourtales, 
pt. 1, Kongl. Svenska Vetenskaps-Akademiens Handlingar, vol. 10, No. 11, p. 10. 
1908. _ Cupularia canariensis Canu, Iconographle des Bryozoaires fossiles de L’Argentine, Anales 
del Museo Nacional de Buenos Aires, vol. 17, p. 275, pi. 5, figs. 8-10 (gives bibliography). 
1909. Cupularia guineensis Norman, The Polyzoa of Madeira and neighboring Islands, Journal 
Linnean Society London, Zoology, vol. 30, p. 289, pi. 37, figs. 2-6. 
1913. Cupularia canariensis Canu, Contributions a l’etude des Bryozoaires fossiles, IV, Pliocene 
d’Alger, Bulletin Soci6t6 G6ologique de France, ser. 4, vol. 13, pp. 124, 128. 
1914. Cupularia guiniensis Osburn, The Bryozoa of the Tortugas Islands, Florida, Publication 
Carnegie Institution of Washington, No. 182, p. 194. 
1916. Cupularia canariensis Canu, Bryozoaires fossiles des Terraines du Sud-Ouest de la France, 
9, Aquitanien, Bulletin de la Soci4t6 Geologique de France, ser. 4 vol. 16, p. 137, pi. 3, 
figs. 4-6. 
1919. Cupuladria canariensis Canu and Bassler, Geology and Paleontology of the West Indies, 
Bryozoa, Publication Carnegie Institution of Washington, no. 291, p. 78, pi. 1, figs 8-10. 
This abundant, well-known fossil and recent species, distinguished by its free, 
cupuliform zoarium with the zooecia on the convex side having a membraniporoid 
opesium and vibracula and with the concave side marked by distinct polygonal 
areas pierced by a few large pores, has been found fossil at number of American 
localities starting in the Lower Miocene and continuing to the present time. In 
its geological occurrence it agrees with Cupularia umbellata Defrance, 1823, which 
likewise begins in the Lower Miocene. 
Occurrence. —Lower Miocene (Chipola marl): 1 mile below Baileys Ferry, 
Chipola River, Florida (rare). Lower Miocene (Bowden horizon): Bowden, 
Jamaica (rare); Rio Gurabo, Rio Cana, and Cercado de Mao, Santo Domingo (rare); 
and Port Limon, Costa Rica (common). Lower Miocene (Gatun formation): 
Banana River, Costa Rica (rare). Miocene (Choctowatchee marl) Jackson Bluff, 
Ocklocknee River, 25 miles southwest of Tallahassee, Florida (rare). Pliocene 
(Caloosahatehee marl): Monroe County, Florida (rare). 
Geological distribution. —Burdigalian of Bordeaux (Canu collection); Helvetian 
of France (Canu) and Spain (DeAngelis); Tortonian of Austria-Hungary (Reuss) 
and Italy (Seguenza); Plaisancian of Italy (Manzoni), England (Busk), Spain 
(DeAngelis) and Algeria (Canu); Astian of Italy (Neviani, Canu); Sicilian of 
Rhodes (Manzoni) and Italy (Neviani); Quaternary of Italy (Neviani) and Argen¬ 
tina (Canu); Miocene of Australia? (Waters). 
Plesiotypes. —Cat. No. 68419-68424, U.S.N.M. 
CUPULADRIA BIPOROSA, new species. 
Plate 47, figs. 1,2. 
Description. —The zoarium is orbicular. The zooecia are distinct, large, elon¬ 
gated or transverse, large or small, generally rhomboidal; the opesium is regular, 
oval, variable in form in the wide zooecia. The interzooecial vibraculum is very 
large and auriculate. On the inner face the zooecia are rectangular and each one 
bears two large pores. 
Affinities. —This interesting new species differs from Cupuladria canariensis 
Busk, 1852, in its larger zooecia, which bear on the inner face only two large pores. 
