NORTH AMERICAN LATER TERTIARY AND QUATERNARY BRYOZOA. 77 
CUPULARIA HAIDINGERI Reuss, 1847. 
Plate 1, figs. 13-17. 
1847. Lunulites haidingeri Reuss, Die fossilen Polyparien des Wiener Tertiarbeckens, Haidinger’s 
naturwissenschaftliche Abhandlungen, vol. 2, p. 58, pi. 7, fig. 26, 27. 
1859. Cupularia denticulata Busk, Monograph Fossil Polyzoa of the Crag, Publications Paleontolo- 
graphical Society, p. 8$, pi. 13, fig. 1. 
1877. Cupularia haidingeri Manzoni, I Briozoi fossili del Miocene d’Austria ed Ungheria, parte 
2, Denkschriften der k. Akademie der Wissenschaften, Wien, vol. 37, p. 73, pi. 16, fig. 54. 
1880. Cupularia haidingeri Seguenza, La formazioni tergiarie nella Provincia di Reggio (Calabria), 
Reale Accademia dei Lincei, Memorie della Classe di Scienze Fisiche, Matematiche e 
Naturali, ser. 3, vol. 6, pp. 84, 131. 
,, . T . [12 = 0.60 mm. 
Measurements. —Large zooecia 7 
° [ lz = 0.36-0.40 mm. 
Variations. —The place of the opercular valve is clearly indicated by a distal 
arch limited by two symmetrical apophyses or condyles. The spinous processes 
are flat, often very wide, claviform or finely denticulated; their number is five 
(which includes the two oral apophyses). Their form is inconstant, and we figure 
some interesting variations. Our determination of the species has been verified 
by specimens from Porzteich, Austria-Hungary. The internal face bears radial, 
bifurcated, and tuberous ribs. 
Affinities. —This species differs from Cupuladria canariensis, Busk, 1859, in the 
presence of spinous processes and in the absence of the large pores of the internal 
face. It differs from Cupularia denticulata Conrad, 1841, in its larger and flatter 
zoarial form, its larger zooecia, and in the larger tuberosities of the internal face. 
Geological distribution. —Helvetian of Italy (Seguenza); Tortonian of Italy 
(Seguenza), of Austria-Hungary (Reuss); Redonnian of France (Canu); Plaisancian 
of England (Busk). 
CUPULARIA DOMA D’Orbigny, 1851. 
Plate 1, fig. 18; plate 15, figs. 1-5. 
1851. Discoflustrellaria doma D’Orbigny, Pal6ontologie francaise, Terrain Cretace, vol. 5, Bryo- 
zoaires, p. 561. 
1859. Cupularia johnsoni Busk, Zoophytology: On some Madeiran Polyzoa, Quarterly Journal 
Microscopical Science, vol. 7, p. 67, pi. 23, figs. 1-6. 
1872. Cupularia doma Smitt, Floridan Bryozoa, collected by Count Pourtales, Kongl. Svenska, 
Vetenskaps-Akademiens Handlingar, pt. 2, vol. 11, No. 4, p. 15, pi. 3, figs. 81-84 (not Busk, 
1859). 
1877. Cupularia reussiana Manzoni, Bryozoaires du pliocene superieur de Pile de Rhodes, Me- 
moires de la Societe G6ologique de France, ser. 3, vol. 1, p. 67. 
1909. Cupularia johnsoni Norman, Polyzoa of Madeira and neighboring islands, Journal Linnean 
Society London, Zoology, vol. 30, p. 290, pi. 38, figs. 1-6. 
Variations. —The spinous processes are flat or acuminate; there are even some 
which are spatulate and some fimbriated. The two superior ones form two sym¬ 
metrical condyles serving as pivot to the opercular valve. The others are three in 
number; they are dissymmetrical, irregularly placed, without definite and constant 
form, never joined. The cryptocyst is more or less developed and its presence 
considerably modifies the aspect of the opesium. The internal face bears hydro¬ 
static tuberosities (as usual), very inconstant in their size; they are generally very 
large, but may disappear almost totally. The zoarium is conical, higher than wide. 
The two opesiules are formed by two rounded indentations symmetrically placed 
below the condyles. 
