78 
BULLETIN 125, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 
Affinities. —Smitt has confused this species with Cupularia reussiana Manzoni, 
1869. He saw D’Orbigny’s type in Paris. Manzoni and Norman have adopted the 
same synonymy. For all these authors the essential character was the absence of 
a complete calcareous pivot for the opercular valve, as in Cupularia umbellata 
Defrance, 1823. In reality all the denticulata group possess this character and the 
species are differentiated from each other not only in their zoarial form but also by 
the number and nature of their spinous processes and in the form of their hydro¬ 
static tubercles. 
This species differs from Cupularia multispinata, new species, in the presence of 
three (and not five) spines, and in the conical form of the zoarium. It differs from 
Cupularia denticulata Conrad, 1841, which has the same number of spinous proc¬ 
esses, in the more conical form of the zoarium, and in the presence of large hydro¬ 
static tuberosities on the internal face. It differs from Cupularia reussiana Man¬ 
zoni, 1869, in the more conical form of the zoarium and in its spinous processes 
never joined together. 
Occurrence. —Sicilian of Rhodes (Manzoni). Miocene (Duplin marl): Wilming¬ 
ton, North Carolina. 
Habitat. —Mediterranean: Shores of Algeria (72 meters), Oran (81-103 meters). 
Atlantic: Madeira (64-113 meters). Gulf of Mexico: Florida (Smitt). 
CUPULARIA MULTISPINATA, new species. 
Description. —The zoarium is discoidal, thin, very convex, much less high than 
wide. The zooecia are elongated, distinct, hexagonal; the mural rim is thin, little 
salient; the cryptocyst is more or less developed laterally. The opesium is orna¬ 
mented by at least five flat spinous processes nonsymmetrical, rather wide, finely 
denticulated. Two symmetric salient condyles limit the apertura. A vestibular 
arch is present. The vibracula are large and auriform. 
,, T . fAz^O.48 mm. 
Measurements .—Large zooecia 7 „ 
l Iz = 0.32 mm. 
Affinities. —This species bears the most numerous spinous processes and this 
character is amply sufficient to differentiate it from Cupularia reussiana Manzoni, 
1869; C. doma D’Orbigny, 1851; and from C. denticulata Conrad, 1841. The hydro¬ 
static zooecia have their cryptocyst entirely calcified. 
Habitat. —Mediterranean: Gulf of Oran (105 meters). 
CUPULARIA REUSSIANA Manzoni, 1869. 
Plate 1, figs. 19-22. 
1869. Cupularia reussiana Manzoni, Bryozoi Pliocenici Italiani, Sitzungsberichte der kaiserlichen 
Akademie der Wissenschaften, Wien, vol. 59, p. 27, pi. 2, fig. 19. 
1895. Cupularia reussiana Neviani, Briozoi fossili della Farnesina e Monte Mario presso Roma, 
Palaeontographia Italica, vol. 1, p. 102 (sep. 26). 
1895. Cupularia reussiana Neviani, Briozoi neozoici di alcune localita d’ltalia, Bollettino della 
Societe Romana per gli Studi Zoologici, parte 1, vol. 4, p. 45 (sep. 7); parte 2, p. 243 (sep. 19); 
parte 5, vol. 7, p. 101 (sep. 4), p. 103 (sep. 6). 
1900. Cupularia reussiana Neviani, Briozoi neogenici delle Calabrie, Paleontologia italica, vol. 6, 
p. 169 (55) (regional bibliography). 
