NORTH AMERICAN LATER TERTIARY AND QUATERNARY BRYOZOA. 115 
Fig. 18.—Anatomy of the Microporellae. 
A-D. Microporella ciliata Pallas, 1766. A. Profile view of free larva, X 75. B. Free larva, oral view, 
showing the large radiating elements of the oral mesoderm, X 50. C. Free larva, aboral view, showing 
radiating aspect of the calotte, 50. (A-C after Barrois, 1877.) c, corona; cal, calotte (terminal bud); 
CD, digestive cavity; ce, obscure part between the two branches of the stomach; mi, aboral mesoderm; 
ms, oral mesoderm; 0, ciliated cleft; oc, oculiform points; ph, pharynx; R V, border of the calotte. D. 
Median sagittal section of an embryo in one of the last stages of development. (After Calvet, 1900.) 
E-I. Fenestrulina malusi Audouin, 1826. E. Median sagittal section of an embryo just before it 
emerges. (After Calvet, 1900.) In the course of the neuro-muscular bundles passing from the central 
nerve organs to the pyriform organ some cellules are seen. The internal sack has a simple form almost 
regularly cylindrical, c, mantle; cal, calotte (terminal bud); co, corona; d, tampon or inner sac; ecto, 
ectoderm; epe, ectoderm thickening; epm, mesoderm thickening;/c, ciliated cleft; /am, neuro-muscular 
bundle; one, central nervous organ of the embryo; p/se, sub-ectoderm nerve plexus; pplv, papilla of the 
vibratile plume; si, internal sac; sqs, superior glandular system; sqi, inferior glandular system. F. 
Basal view of a zooecium which has lost its polypide. (After Harmer, 1902.) b, polypide bud; bb, 
brown body; com, cornicula; cs. compensatrix opening by the ascopore (m. p.); occl, opercr muscles; p. 
c., dietellae; z, neighboring zooecia. G. Anterior view of a zooecium containing only a young polypide, 
X 5.15. (after Jullien, 1888.) ca, cardiac region of the stomach; caec, caecum of the stomach; com, 
cornicula; die, dietella; est, stomach; gt, tentacular sheath; ir, irisoid; mop, occlusor muscles of the oper¬ 
culum; mrp, large retractor muscles of the polypide; ov, ovary; ph, pharynx and esophagus; pm, 
parietal muscles; r, intestine and rectum; t, tentacles. H. Longitudinal section of a bryozoid. (After 
Calvet, 1900.) caec, stomachic caecum; d, incubation cavity; cry, cryptocyst, or skeleton; d, diaphragm; 
eph, hypostegal epithelium; epi, spine; fe, central funicular cord; fl, lateral funicular cordon, nervous 
ganglion; gt, sub-diaphragm region of the tentacular sheath; gt', subdiaphragm region; hy, hypostege; 
mud, dilator muscles of the incubation cavity; mugr, large retractor muscles; mur, retractor muscles of 
the frontal walls of the lower ovicellarian vesicle; oes, esophagus; op, operculum; oz, zooecial orifice; 
pme, median frontal pore; py, pyloris; re, rectum; t, tentacles; voi, lower ovicellarian vesicle; vos, 
upper ovicellarian vesicle. I. Zoarium decalcified, seen posteriorly, X 45. (See G. for explanation 
of letters.) 
FENESTRULINA MALUSI Savlgny-Audouin, 1826. 
Plate 36, figs. 2, 3. 
1809. Cellepora malusii Savigny, Description de l’Egypte, Polypes, pi. 8, fig. 8. 
1826. Cellepora malusii Audouin, Explication des planches de Savigny, p. 239. • 
1862. Cellepora eali/omiensis Gabb and Horn, Monograph of the fossil Polyzoa of the Secondary 
and Tertiary formations of North America, Journal Academy Natural Sciences Philadel¬ 
phia, ser. 2, vol. 5, p. 130, pi. 19, fig. 12. 
1895. Microporella malusi MacGillivray, Monograph of the Tertiary Polyzoa of Victoria, Trans¬ 
actions Royal Society of Victoria, vol. 4, p. 65, pi. 9, fig. 1 (regional bibliography). 
1895. Microporella ( Fenestrulina ) malusi Neviani, Briozoi fossili delle Famesina, Palaeontographia 
Italica, vol. 1, p. 104 (sep. 28). . 
1895-1896. Microporella ( Fenestrulina) malusi Neviani, Briozoi neozoici, di alcune localitia d’ltalia, 
Bollettino della Societa Romana per gli Studi Zoologici, pt. 1, p. 115 (sep. 7); pt. 2, p. 229 
(sep. 5); pt. 3, p. 109 (sep. 8). 
1898. Microporella malusi De Angelis, Los primeros antozoos y briozoos miocenicos recogidos en 
Cataluna, p. 22. 
1901. Microporella ( Fenestrulina ) malusi Neviani, Briozoi neogenici della Calabrie, Palaeonto¬ 
graphia italica, vol. 6, p. 175 (sep. 61) (Regional bibliography). 
1904. Microporella malusi Canu, Les Bryozoaires du Patagonien, Memoires de la Societe geologique 
de France, vol. 12, No. 33, p. 11, pi. 3, fig. 27. 
1905. Microporella ( Fenestrulina) malusi Neviani, Bryozoi fossili de Carrubare (Calabrio), Bol¬ 
lettino delle Societa geologica italiana, vol. 23, p. 524, fig. 8. 
1907. Microporella malusi Calvet, Expeditions scientifiques du Travailleur et du Talisman, p. 404 
(bibliography). ' 
1908. Microporella malusi Canu, Bryozoaires fossiles de 1’Argentine, Anales del Museo Nacional 
de Buenos Aires, vol. 16, p. 280. 
