158 
EIGHTH REPORT. 
nite bird forms. These forms are for the most part such as frequent 
observations in northern Michigan have identified as generally charac¬ 
teristic of the respective environments. As illustrative of the local 
conditions I have selected some of the more obvious examples of such 
a correlation. 
The vegetational types of the north reserve may be roughly classed as 
grassland, sweet-fern and willow plains, oak coppice, jack pine woods, 
cassandra swamp, and timber or “cedar” swamp. Very few of the 
species observed were frequenters of either grassland, sweet-fern plains, 
or cassandra swamps; Meadow Larks were confined to the former, while 
Vesper and Field Sparrows were characteristic of grassland and sweet- 
fern, usually in the neighborhood of trees or oak brush. 
Oak coppice was found to support a more varied bird population. 
Here the Towhee Bunting was the most conspicuous form and its 
monotonous song was to be heard wherever this vegetation existed. With 
it were seen the Goldfinch, Chipping Sparrow, Kirtland’s Warbler, Yel¬ 
low Throat, and House Wren. The one specimen of the Prairie Warbler 
was seen on this type. 
Jack pine woods usually contained a Wood Pewee or two and a 
number of Flickers, these species seeming to prefer the dry “pine bar¬ 
rens” to any other Type. Here were also seen Ruffed Grouse, Black¬ 
billed Cuckoos, Hairy Woodpeckers, Blue Jays, Red-eyed Vireos, Oven 
Birds, Nuthatches, Chickadees, and occasionally Hermit Thrushes. 
The timber swamps were the richest of all the types in bird life. 
Typical of this vegetation were the Whip-poor-will, White-throated Spar¬ 
row, Black-throated Green Warbler, Redstart, Winter Wren, and Her¬ 
mit Thrush. A pair of Mourning Warblers nested each year in the edge 
of one of these swamps, and a single Canadian Warbler was seen there. 
The Song Sparrow, Indigo Bird, Downy Woodpecker, Cedar Bird, Oven 
Bird, Chickadee, Flicker and Ruffed Grouse were quite common fre¬ 
quenters of the swamp edge. 
The above brief discussion applies. in a general way to a few of the 
more obvious cases of correlation. What the conditions are which gov¬ 
ern these correlations and how they influence the various species is a 
problem which remains to be worked out in detail. The opportunity 
for a thorough local study of the reserves is a good one, and data col¬ 
lected from year to year should throw some light on the influence of 
changing vegetative conditions upon bird life. 
ANNOTATED LIST. 
1 . Vrinator imber. Loon.—Higgins Lake, 1904-5. Frequently heard and seen 
on the lake. 
2. Ardea herodias. Great Blue Heron.—Crawford Co., July 8, 1905. Not com¬ 
mon. 
3. Helodromas solitarius. Solitary Sandpiper.—Crawford Co., August 20, 1904. 
One seen at “deer lick” (pot hole). Heard frequently 1905. 
4. Actitis macularia. Spotted Sandpiper.—Crawford Co., shore of Higgins 
Lake. July 5, 1904, pair seen with young, newly hatched. July 2, 1905, nest 
of four eggs found. 
5. Colinus virginianus. Boh White.—Crawford Co., July 6, 1904, heard. July 
9, 1905, heard. Occasional. Few are said hy the forest ranger to survive the 
more severe winters. 
