MICHIGAN ACADEMY OF SCIENCE. 
163 
ritory. To the east of this orchard is a tract of woods, twenty-five or 
thirty acres, I should say, consisting of maple, ash, hickory and oak. 
In these woods is a brook with willows, elders, and thick brambles along 
its banks, while further on these give way to a bog a few acres in extent, 
covered by a thick growth of bushy cinquefoil. The eastern part of this 
woods is rolling, with many small pools, in the depressions between the 
ridges, surrounded by willows and button bushes. 
To the east of the woods and bog, extending from the road to the 
south boundary, is a large tract of land devoted to pasture lots and 
cultivation, and containing about sixty or seventy acres. The entire 
eastern portion is the Overflow proper, a marsh covering about 100 acres > 
the western half of which can generally be traversed on foot, by 
using boots. Here is found a thick growth of willows and elders, with 
here and there a tamarack and patches of bushy cinquefoil. The eastern 
half can only be traversed by a boat and is covered by a growth of 
sedges and cat-tails, scattered clumps of willows, elders and button 
bushes. It is completely surrounded by a growth of willows and elders,, 
but along the north side there is a tract of higher land running out into* 
the marsh and covered by ash and a few elm and maple trees. Along 
the southern and part of the western side of the marsh is a ridge, 
at places bare and sandy, but for the most part covered with a growth 
of ash, poplar, maple and oak trees. 
The Overflow proper has a broad outlet leading to the river, and 
in the spring when the river is high it backs up into the Overflow, thus 
forming a rather large sheet of water; a feeding ground for stray ducks 
and other water fowl. 
From this brief description one can see the opportunities that this 
special territory offers for bird study; for one can find within a few 
minutes walk the habitats of many kinds of birds. 
I will now attempt to classify the species observed in this territory 
according to the kind of conditions under which one is likely to find 
them; as those of the orchard, open woods, open fields, thickets, and the 
marshes and river. 
It is rather difficult to draw hard and fast lines, for birds of one 
habitat are occasionally found in other conditions. Especially is this 
true during migration, because in the spring birds are not so closely 
confined to their usual haunts. This applies more particularly to our 
migratory woodland warblers, which, on account of the late leafing of 
the open woods, seem obliged to seek their food among the thickets of 
willows and elders along the marshes and streams, as these are well 
leaved upon the arrival of these birds and abound with insects and 
larvae. Many birds are found at several different locations, and these 
are repeated for the benefit of those who chance to go to this territory, 
in order that they may know what species to expect, and under what 
conditions they occur. 
I will first give under each locality the birds I have found to be resi¬ 
dent, either the entire year or during the summer, and then the migrants 
and winter visitants. 
