48 
to another. When fullfed it leaves the mine and spins up among the 
the roots. 
Prays curtisellus begins active life by mining into ash leaves in 
autumn. Quitting the leaf before it falls, the young larva burrows 
into the bark and finally attacks the young shoots (Stt. Nat. Hist., 
vol. xi., p. 8). 
The larvae of the genus Yponomenta live gregariously in webs, but 
one species, Y. viyintipunctatns, begins its larval career by mining into 
the thick fleshy leaves of Seda in telephiuin. 
Orthotaelia sparyanella seems to possess a somewhat singular larva. 
In early life it mines the leaves of water plants, such as Spargani am. 
Iris, etc., Heinemann records {Hein, ii., 2, p. 129), finding larvae in 
cases of dry leaf fragments in burrows in Poa aquatica. Stainton gives 
a figure of the larvae {Stt. T. B., pi. 10, fig. 10). 
The large genus Depressaria is not much given to leaf-mining as 
far as is at present known, but Depressaria carduella mines in the leaves 
of thistles. It makes elongated blotches close to the mid-rib. It 
quits the mine to pupate. {Stt. Nat. Hist , xii, p. 148). 
A few of the species belonging to the great family, Gelechiidae are 
leaf miners. Gclerhia {Lita ) acuniinatella makes long brownish 
blotches in the lower leaves of thistles. Xystophora arandinetella 
forms long slender galleries in the leaves of one or two species of 
Carex. Both these have the power of moving from one leaf to 
another, and they usually spin their cocoons within the mine. (Stt. 
Nat. His. vol. ix., p. 116 and vol. x., p. 220,) Ghrysopora stipella and 
hermannella mine the leaves of Atriplex and Chenopodium. They 
make rather bladdery mines and three or four larvae often occupy the 
same mine. They quit the mine and spin up on the leaves to pupate. 
{Stt. Nat. His. vol. ix., p. 246 and 262.) Recurvaria nanella, whose 
life history was so long a puzzle, commences its career by mining into 
the leaves of apricot and other fruit trees. It leaves the mine to 
hybernate and attacks the newly formed buds in the spring, in there it 
usually pupates. A good English account of its habits will be found 
in the Entomologist's Monthly Magazine (vol. 39, p. 219), by Mr. 
Houghton. 
Another Gelechiid, especially noteworthy, is Lita costella. It feeds 
on Solatium dulcamara. I have found it making large blotch mines 
in the leaves, feeding spun up in the young leaves, and also burrowing 
in the young stems. The books say it feeds as well on the berries. 
Thus combining in one species almost all the methods of feeding 
adopted by the concealed feeders. {Stt. Nat. His., vol. x., p. 79.) 
Though the genus Coleophora is a large one, containing at least 
75 species in Britain, only about half its members are leaf-miners, the 
remainder feed on seeds. A noticeable peculiarity is their habit of 
making a portable case, in which they live. Tbis case is usually 
distinctive for each species. Tbe Coleophond mine is easily recognised. 
If a pale mined space be noticed in a leaf, with a small round hole in 
the lower cuticle, it may confidently be ascribed to a Coleophora, unless 
the leaf noticed be that of a Convolvulus. In the latter case it must 
be attributed to Bedellia. The common Coleophora fuscedinella will 
serve to show the habits of the leaf miners belonging to this genus. 
{Stt. Nat. Hist., vols. 4 and 5, Hein-Wck. 581). 
