54 
notes on the larvae in their different stadia, but as the generic position 
was already assured, and my notes did not in any way upset it, and as 
the adult larva has been well figured by Buckler, I need not dwell 
upon it just now. It is somewhat variable in both the last stadia 
(3rd and 4th). 
Lyoris pyraliata, Schiff.—I have already placed this at the foot of 
the genus, as a somewhat aberrant member, in consideration of its 
lacking the usual pencil-tuft of hairs on the underside of the male 
forewing ; but I had not, at the time of writing, made acquaintance 
with the adult larva or the pupa, and as the egg and the newly-hatched 
larva agreed so perfectly with typical species of Li/r/ru, I rather rashly 
assumed that it would not prove at all aberrant except in that one 
imaginal character, and I ventured to write that I had “ no doubt it 
will conform to the characters here given,” i.e., the pupal markings 
characteristic of the allies. It turns out that in this I was mistaken, 
and I am obliged to admit a slight divergence from typical lines in 
Li/gris pi/raliata, though I still do not see any necessity for separating 
it generically from its neighbours. I have already given it a separate 
section (C) in the genus, and I am now ready to add a second distinc¬ 
tion (even if somewhat superficial) of this section C from section A— 
pupa nearly unicolorous green, only with the dorsal line somewhat 
darkened; no trace of the dark wing-case markings of section A. 
The larva, when left undisturbed, is excessively sluggish, often 
sitting day after day in the same place, feeding on the Galium within 
reach, but when removed it becomes very uneasy and restless, moving 
about with a fair degree of activity. It is not a very interesting larva 
to describe, having but few markings or characteristic features. In 
its first instar, after feeding a few days, it is green in colour, the 
orange head, therefore, now sharply differentiated from the rest. In 
the second there is no material change to note; the dorsal area is 
somewhat darkened, especially towards the anal end, and the inter- 
segmental spaces are yellowish ; the set* are exceedingly short, 
whitish, knobbed at the tip, as in the allied species; in form, the larva 
is still very thin in proportion to its length. In the third instar there 
is again no striking change, but the head is now green, and altogether 
the shades of colour assimilate very perfectly to those of the usual 
foodplant, Galium aparine ; the head perhaps a little lighter than the 
stems of the plant; the body exactly the colour of the stems or young 
leaves, with a darker dorsal stripe precisely agreeing with that of the 
darkest mature leaves; there is a very pale green line along the centre 
of the ventral area, as in allied species ; dorsal tubercles fairly 
conspicuous, being blackish, lateral practically concolorous with 
ground-tone. I was interested to notice that at this stage the anal 
flap showed a tendency to form two extremely rudimentary anal 
processes corresponding in position to the “ spikes” which are so much 
more highly developed throughout the career of the more typical 
section of Cidarias — fulvata, truncata, &c. On entering the fourth 
(and final) instar the larva continues very slender; the length, when 
fully extended, being 19mm. or just over, the breadth less than 2mm.; 
head tolerably large, rather distinctly bi-lobed, bright-green without 
markings; body uniform width, nearly cylindrical, but belly rather 
flattened ; tubercles minute, set* very short; colour bright green with 
very dark mediodorsal line, especially so on thoracic and 5th to 10th 
