88 
absolutely certain what one would have gathered from his descriptions ; 
his truncata [—innnanata, Haw.] is common in the alpine and sub- 
alpine regions of Bucovina in July and early August, his immanata 
[—truncata] was taken quite fresh on October 1st. 
I need not trouble you with quotations of the pious opinions which 
have been expressed for or against the union of tbe two species, by 
entomologists of greater or less eminence. The next piece of biological 
evidence which came under my notice was a letter from my friend, 
Herr W. Petersen, of Reval, who wrote me, under date March 18th, 
1905, as follows:—“I have found most beautiful anatomical differ¬ 
ential characters, in the J as well as in the 5 , entirely constant, 
without any transitions, while truncata ffies early in the year (May and 
June) — I have not yet met with an autumn example — innnanata, on 
the contrary, only from July 12th and onward, and the same is the 
case in the Ural.” 
More recently I have communicated with Mr. F. N. Pierce on the 
subject, and he has kindly given me valuable help with reference to 
the parts which he specially studies, the male genitalia. He had 
already prepared and mounted three examples each of British 0. trun¬ 
cata and innnanata, from which he had learned that the main distinction 
lay in the character of a number of spines on the aedeagus. These 
spines, which form the most conspicuous feature on the microscope 
slide, are coarse and stout in innnanata, with strong, thickened bases, 
well apart and relatively not very numerous ; in truncata they are 
much finer, evidently more numerous, and crowded together in a way 
that makes it extremely difficult for a novice like myself to make out 
their individuality at all. I notice that even with the naked eye I can 
discern the difference of aspect of the dark patches on the mounts 
which indicate the position and dimensions of these clusters of spines. 
I have, unfortunately, not an abundance of material in the extra- 
European forms, but I submitted to Mr. Pierce examples of what I 
have, namely, two Japanese specimens and five British Columbian ; 
my sole Indian specimen [subapicaria, Moore) is a J . One of the 
Japanese did not make a successful preparation, but Mr. Pierce pro¬ 
nounced it innnanata so far as he could see ; the imago is a wreck but 
supports the determination. The other imago is much more truncata- 
like—I think as much so as any specimen I have seen—but the spines 
prove it innnanata, or an extremely close ally, being stout, well-separated, 
and, if anything, even less numerous than in English innnanata (I 
estimate them at about three dozen, but to count them is beyond me); 
the only other difference which could signify is that a few of the first 
ones are very short. The Vancouver Island specimens belonged to 
two races which I suspected were separate species : a large form taken 
by Rev. G. W. Taylor, from July 4th to 21st, 1904, and a smaller one 
taken by myself and others between August 2nd and 25th, in different 
years. The latter (three examples submitted) proved to agree with 
our innnanata — a satisfaction to me, as I had persisted in entering 
them under that name in my diary when I was taking them last 
August, though most of the Americans seem to call them truncata. 
The other species, which may be Hulst’s niullcolata, belongs to the 
truncata group according to the aedeagus, but the long terminal spines, 
by Mr. Pierce’s measurements, reach -037mm. against -018mm. for 
xviii. 
