62 
and extends nearly to the extremity of segment five. It is blunt at 
the end. The antennal case and the cases of the other legs are 
distinctly traceable, the antennal case being transversely ridged. 
There is a decided beak on the frons. The ventral length is 
greater than the dorsal length, as the frons is carried forward after 
the manner of a war vessel’s ram. 
The pupa is constricted at the junction of the abdomen and thorax, 
and the thorax and frons are wider than the abdominal segments. 
The segments are pitted all over with small pits and transversely 
wrinkled, and there is a decided pit behind each spiracle. 
The normal position of the pupa is suspended head downwards 
parallel to the food-plant, but like all “ Plume ” pupae it is active and 
can erect itself. At times it indulges in violent wagging movements. 
Some of the larvae of graphodactyla produced the ichneumon 
exhibited, Pimpla nvcuni, Batz., a well-known parasite of micro- 
lepidoptera and one which has recently been bred from Clepsis rusticana. 
An account of the species is given in Mr. Claude Morley’s “ Pimplinae 
of Britain ” just published. 
In conclusion, please understand that I claim no credit for these 
notes as they are based upon the observations and material supplied bv 
my friend, Mr. W. G. Hooker, of Bournemouth. The drawings, 
photographs, and minute details are the work of Mr. W. Parkinson- 
Curtis, of Poole. These friends very kindly present our Society with 
photographic slides and prints of pupa and ova of graphodactyla, 
and I am sure I shall be carrying out our members’ wishes in conveying 
to them our hearty thanks for the trouble they have taken. 
NOTES ON THE LIFE-HISTORY OF THE IMAGO OF POLYGONIA 
C=ALBUM. 
(Read November 17th, 1908, by L. W. NEWMAN). 
During the past season I have had ample opportunity of studying 
the habits of this butterfly, having bred upwards of 2,000 of them; we 
all, I expect, think we know the habits of the species—it hybernates, 
pairs in the spring, the 5 lays her eggs and then dies. The resulting 
larvae feed up and produce imagines in July; these imagines again pair 
and lay and produce the brood which emerges in September and 
October and goes into hybernation, the imagines which emerge in July 
being known as var. hutchimoni. Such, I believe, is the general idea. 
Some of this is undoubtedly correct, but some in my opinion is equally 
incorrect. I venture to make two statements, which I do not expect 
you to accept without ample proof; the first is, that the first twelve 
eggs or so that a hybernated ? lays in the spring are the only eggs 
that produce var. hutchimoni. The second is that var. hutchimoni 
is the only form which pairs and produces the second brood. 
xviii. 
