63 
The first statement is I think beyond dispute; I have known it for 
many years, and so have Mr. E. Goodwin and a few others. The 
second perhaps is still open to question. 
I will now give my reasons for what I have stated. I go back to 
1902, the first year in which I bred this species in any number. Early 
in the spring I had one 5 sent to me alive, and from her I obtained a 
nice lot of ova ; the larvae fed up well and the first 12 imagines (all 
var. hutchinsoni) I placed in a breeding cage with growing food, where 
they at once paired, and I socm had a huge quantity of ova. I badly 
wanted set specimens then, so killed and set the rest of the brood. 
I now go to 1905, when I again had the species alive, a good many 
$ s but all captured late, some of them end of May and early June, 
and they had laid most of their ova; now comes an important point, 
when the imagines emerged in July and August I placed the first 40 
(about equal sexes) in my cage for pairing, and the same day one pair 
was in cop (both var. hutchinsoni). This was, however, the only 
pairing out of 40 ; the other 38, all of the dark form, refused to pair 
and after feeding for a few weeks went into corners of the cage and 
went to sleep, though the weather was very hot and sunny during 
many days of August and September. In November most of them were 
still alive, though through neglect or some other cause they all died 
during the winter or very early spring. 
I now come to this year (1908). I sent my man down to the Wye 
Valley on April 4th, and owing to very bad weather he had to stay 
nearly three weeks and then only had two or three nice sunny days 
when hybernators were on the wing. On these days c-album was very 
common and in one sheltered spot 40 to 50 could be seen in a day ; he 
sent me 10 5 s and about 12 $ s. The latter came in very handy as 
two of the 5 s proved virgins. All these $ s laid freely, and by 
June 20th I was breeding out the first brood. 
I might here mention that on July 1st I had two 2 s that were 
captured in April still alive and laying, and their children out and 
doing the same thing, so that the two generations (the hybernated 
2 s and the summer brood) were both on the wing on the same 
day. I can also say that not a day passed between June 20th 
and November 1st without one or more imagines emerging from pupie 
in cages, and to-day (November 18th) I have still two living pupae left 
to emerge. I think therefore that one could catch c.-album in the 
wild state any day from March till November, provided, of course, 
that the weather was warm and sunny. The last specimen to emerge 
from the summer brood was on August 24th, and the first from the 
autumn brood on August 18th, so that they overlapped well, and I have 
had the species in all stages at the same time during the greater part of 
the summer. 
To go back to where I left off, the first 65 specimens to emerge in 
June, 1908, were all var. hutchinsoni and Avere ex the larvie hatched from 
the first ova deposited by each 2 • No. 66 was a dark specimen and 
every other specimen (some 800 or so) were all the dark form; this, I 
think most clearly proves that it is only the first few cyys laid in the 
spring which produce var. hutchinsoni. 
I placed in my breeding cage twelve J s and twelve J s of var. 
hutchinsoni, and by five p.m. there were twelve pairs in cop. ; two or 
xviii. 
