31 
■which have heon inbred for some time sho'W generally much greater 
variability, and I cannot lind any one form at all characteristic of such 
broods as QIMT, NMSQ, etc. 
As regards the relative niimbers of each sex l)red, I find the males 
preponderate in 17 broods, females in 12, while in 4 (two of them very 
small) the sexes are equal. I also noticed in some of my earlier breed¬ 
ings that males were in the majority. 
Perhaps in self-defence I ought now to explain how it is that my 
pairings appear so l)adly chosen, the experiments so ill-balanced, so 
many of interest left untouched, and so many spoilt by the infusion of 
new blood, representing as regards pedigree an “ unknown quantity.” 
The explanation is, not that I have not attempted anything better and 
more systematic, but that there have been serious difficulties in my 
path. I find my little friends do not pair very readily in confinement, 
and 1 have had 24 failures against 23 successes; you will at once see 
that this will suffice to upset entirely the balance of a most carefully 
calculated series of experiments. There is apparently, however, no 
colniir srhrtion manifested by this species, as there is said to he with 
Aiiipliidasiis betnlaria and (Itiuhlctlaijaria. 1 worked out my statistics very 
carefully, and find the relative numbers of failures and successes in 
each case closely equal. 
Another difficulty has been that the pairing of relatives is nearly 
always a failure, more or less. Four such pairings have produced very 
unhealthy broods, with a gross result of 31 imagines (17, 9, 3, 2, 
respectively). 1 have also found particular broods, and 1 fancy par¬ 
ticular sexes in particular broods, difficult to pair. Thus I was unable 
to keep up any material from brood (), though five specimens were 
sacrificed in the attempt. The S s of brood V paired readily with 
other broods almost whenever attempted (four times), while neither of 
the females offered to s of other broods (only two, however) was 
accepted. 
Again, the species degenerates very rapidly by in-breeding, and after 
a few generations the S s, especially, have not vitality enough to pair. 
On the other hand, it at once recovers on the introduction of new 
blood ; two of my finest and healthiest broods were obtained by fertilis¬ 
ing inbred J s by wild S s. 
Yet another difficulty has been the erratic behaviour as to the 
duration of the pupal period, doubtless another attempt to fight against 
the distasteful inbreeding, though probably also in part the effect of a 
general constitutional shake-up.” Pairings obtained in August or 
later generally fare the best, as the imagines then emerge iiormally in 
April or ]\Iay; four broods, thus obtained from autumnal pairings, all, 
or practically all, came out normally. As for the spring pairings, 
nearly all the specimens of broods ML and Li\f 2 , and most of brood 
Li\f, came out after the orthodox pupal period of a few weeks ; but 
most of the others emerged erratically, many attempting to go over the 
winter in pupa, i.c., to be single-brooded. Most of the specimens of 
broods ]\[LP and FK thus lay a long while in pupa, nvarhi all in four- 
other broods, and all in the remaining ten. This straggling behaviour 
has made it difficult to get specimens out at suitable times for pairing, 
especially as it seems hard to get those to do so which come out in late 
autumn or winter; but this has been by no means the worst of it. 
Feninjata does not seem well adapted for lying more than, say, eight 
