32 
months in the pupal state; and in 189G-7 I lost no less than 70 per 
cent, from this cause — an almost literal decimation of my material. 
The early season of 1H9G resulted in my getting my pairings in the 
fiist half of April, and the larva^, to the number of nearly 300, were 
all down by the end of May, but only three sj^ecimens came up in 
June, one in the beginning of July, a few more in August, and onwards ; 
while the ^ast majority tried to go over the winter in pupa, and mostly 
perished in the attempt. 
One other little observation seems worth putting on record, as 
hearing on the same question—the resistance to in-breeding. One 
brood (from a J captured July 22nd, 189G), but unfortunately a small 
one, as some of the ova were sent to Herr P. C. T. Hnellen, produced 
imagines as follows: ten <? , no J , September to October, 189G (third 
brood) ; seven ? , no $ , May, 1897. 
I may add that as I have exact data as to colour, sex, dates, &c., 
for all the material comprised in these 83 broods, I hope that, even if 
they have given no important results as yet, they may form a sound 
basis for good work at some future time. I have prepared some 
statistical tables, which I will hand round for the inspection of anyone 
who may feel interested in them. 
Gkner.^l Statistical Summary (Numliers and Sexes). 
Thirty-three broods: 897 specimens; 478^, 419$. Average 
number to brood, 27. 
Eleven from captured $ s (hence, probably a good many egga 
already laid) 319 specimens; lG2a', 157?.' Average nuinber"to 
brood, 29. 
Twenty-two from bred ? s (often many lost in breeding, some 
broods very degenerate, c^-c.) 578 specimens ; 31 Gc? , 2G2 ? . Average 
number to brood, 2G. 
Largest number of specimens in one brood, 9G. 
Smallest number of specimens in one brood, 2. 
Largest predominance of males in one brood, 34 to 13 (7247^). 
Largest predominance of females in one brood, 11 to G (G4~77 ). 
Largest number of eggs laid by one ? , 189. ° 
Smallest number of eggs laid by one captured ? , 13. 
Smallest number of eggs laid by one bred ? , 25. 
Average number of eggs laid by bred ? , 8G. 
]\Iales predominate in 17 broods, females in 12 broods, sexes equal 
in 4 broods. 
(Colour.) 
Total: —33 broods: 897 specimens — 39G red, 488 black, 13 
intermediate. 
478 $ s = 501 red, 270 black, 7 intermediate. 
419 ? s=195 red, 218 black, G intermediate. 
Analysed: — 11 ? s captured — 7 red, 4 black. 
7 rod ? s give 51 J and G5 ? red, GOJ and 37 ? black, 1 ^ and 
0 ? intermediate. 
4 black ?s give 0 red, 47and 54? black, 3J' and 1? 
intermediate. 
