40 
as Liiders remarks (l.c,. p. 27), the last four segments narrow down 
considerably. It is of a beautiful fresh, milk-white colour—under the 
microscope it appears snow white, almost glistening. It is covered to 
a great extent by a fine pile, which gives it a sort of frosted appear¬ 
ance, or, as Bacot better describes it (Bacot, in Tutt’s Brit. Lep., i., 
p. 38), “something like a coating of short, pointed spines.” Head 
partly retractile in the prothorax, convex, of more normal appearance. 
As Heeger and Albarda say, it has the appearance of being divided into 
three equal parts. In the two depressions are two hemispheres which 
the above writers say are the eyes. The parts of the mouth are quite 
altered. The large mandibles are gone from above, and a spinneret 
has appeared below. On the thoracic segments are various furrows, 
which may be vestiges of thoracic plates, and less extensive furrows 
occur on the abdominal segments. In these latter, Liiders says (l.c., 
p. 27), “There is a large anterior and a small posterior tubercle.” 
This looks very like trapezoidal tubercles. The sides of the second to 
ninth abdominal segments carry nipple-like warts, large on six and 
seven, very small on eight and nine. Heeger (l.c.) calls these 
“ Haarwarzchen, and Liiders states (l.c.) that these, except those on 
the eighth and ninth, are tipped with a bristle ; but, if so, it must he a 
very minute one. The tenth abdominal segment terminates in two 
blunt cones. Viewed in profile the spinning larva has a strong super¬ 
ficial resemblance to that of a Nepticulid. The thorax is very deep, 
especially the metathorax, the body fairly cylindrical, but the last four 
segments run to a blunt point. On the venter we see on the meso- 
and meta-thorax two large ovoid “ walled foot-like balls,” as Liiders 
calls them (l.c.), and on the third, fourth, fifth, and sixth abdominal 
segments a pair of small dimples, in the position where the legs of 
normal larva? appear. These balls are just like those in a similar posi¬ 
tion in the larva of Nepticula centifoliella, and are used in the same 
way. From the pair of discs on the abdomen the larva can, and does, 
protrude primitive prolegs. In Nepticula these prolegs appear to be 
simple “ membranous prolongations ” (Tutt, Brit. Lep., i., p. 163), 
but here they appear more as retractile cylinders placed on sunken 
discs. The Nepticulid has the prolongations on abdominal segments 
two, three, four, five, six, and seven ; here they are normal in position, 
but are also without any kind of hooks. It is little use seeking for 
these prolegs in a dead larva ; we then see only the depressions, but if 
we watch a larva spinning silk over the upper surface of the cocoon we 
can easily see how it clings on by means of the two thoracic discs and 
the four pairs of abdominal prolegs. I have also seen these prolegs 
when I have had the larva on a glass slide, but the little creature is 
so terribly restless when alive that it requires a very great amount of 
patience to make or confirm any observation. 
Pupa.— Of the pupa Liiders says it belongs to Chapman’s pupie- 
incoinpletie, with no free segments, but in the next line he describes 
the movements of which it is capable. The position occupied by the 
Phyllocnistis pupa in Dr. Chapman’s classification is as follows (Trans. 
But. Sec. Bond., 1898, p. 118) : — “ Division B. — Incomplete, appen¬ 
dages often partially free. Sub-division 2.—Pupa free to move and 
emerge from cocoon. Section a.— Larva concealed feeder, often 
miner. Sub-section 1.—Free segments five and six in female, and 
five, six, and seven in male.” It is difficult to make out the pupal 
