44 
extent in other places on the principal nervures. These markings are 
very rarely prominent in diliitata, though they are often visible. 
5. The generally small size of the central spot as compared with 
that of diliitata; yet the latter varies very much, and is extremely 
minute in one race which I have examined (var. christyi, mihi). 
G. The direction of the transverse lines on the hindwings. These 
take a direction somewhat intermediate between that which is normal 
in typical diliitata, and that of typical jUiyrammaria ; in other words, 
they do not generally run quite parallel with the cilia, but are slightly 
nearer the margin at their extremities than in the middle. 
Compared with Mitjrammaria, 1 am quite unable to find any 
differences of real importance; generally, however, the markings of 
Tili'.l yam maria are inclined to be darker, especially the pair of lines 
nearest the margin and the pair of lines on the hindwings, both of 
which are frequently accompanied, in the species last named, by a dark 
shade, often even resulting in the formation of a regular dark 
submarginal band or bar. 
Early Stages.— For an opportunity to breed this species from the 
egg I have to thank the kindness of my good friend Mr. Arthur 
Horne, F.E.S., of Aberdeen. On September 28th, 1897, he sent me 
a $ taken in his own district, and on October 25th, of the same year, 
two others, taken in Kincardineshire; all three, he tells me, were 
obtained in woods, amongst birch or fir, the food-plants which Cfuenee 
mentions on Doubleday’s authority. A little further light on the 
early stages has also been obtained from Mr. .J. E. R. Allen, of 
Bolton, a careful and accurate observer, to whom 1 am looking with 
confidence for some very useful work at this genus, as he is a well- 
known authority on the tvm jiliyrammaria of Lancashire, and has now 
been fortunate enough to discover antinnnata at Enniskillen. All my 
three females were in tolerably fresh condition when received, and 
each laid about 50 or GO eggs; of course I cannot say, on such meagre 
data, that this is about the usual number, but I doubt whether the 
figure reached is ever extremely high, as the eggs are large in propor¬ 
tion to the size of the imago. One batch received from Mr. W. M. 
Christy, this autumn, numbers 57, others are smaller. 
Ova.— These were laid either singly or more generally in clusters 
on the sides of the boxes in which the S s were enclosed, but especially 
in the small round holes which had been bored in the lids ; occasionally 
in this position they were pressed so closely together as to he 
somewhat irregular in form. At the same time I fancy that this 
species is, on the whole, less keenly solicitous than diliitata to find 
crannies for the reception of its eggs, and it is quite possible that an 
investigation would prove the ovipositor to be less strongly developed. 
The ova of autumnata measure about -847111111.--875111111. x minim, 
(length to breadth as 5 : 8), and are 011 the average a trifle larger than 
those of diliitata, hut the latter show considerable variation in size. 
They (those of autumnata) are a pretty true oval, a large depression 
occupying a great part of the upper side (/.<-., that opposite the point 
of attachment). They are regularly pitted throughout, and thus present, 
roughly speaking, a uniform effect of hexagonal reticulation. They 
are considerably duller, and less highly polished, than those of diliitata, 
so much so that the two species can readily he distinguished with 
the naked eye ; those of diliitata, moreover, are much less deeply 
