50 
duration of the pupal stage is about three weeks, or less; my first larva 
did not commence spinning until June 6th, the first three imagines 
appeared on June 28th ; I believe some of the later ones passed less 
time in pupa. The range of variation in the imago is only very 
moderate, and I am unacquainted with any named aberrations. The 
flammata of Goeze and the cerasata of Borkhausen are synonyms. 
Lygris populata, L.—I have not yet studied the complete life- 
history of this species. On June 22nd, 1895, a correspondent sent me 
some nearly full-grown larva? from Burnley, but I made no notes on 
them. The pupal period cannot have lasted long, for I know none 
were actually spun-up when they reached me, yet the first two moths 
appeared on July 5th. At the end of July and in the early part of 
August, 1900, I took L. populata very commonly at Pitfour, Aberdeen¬ 
shire ; it was conspicuous on the wing at dusk among its food-plant 
(Vactinium), or flying over rush-bloom ; and after dark was to be 
taken in profusion settled on the bloom, with the wings closed over 
the back in the favourite geometrid fashion. I obtained ova, as 
already mentioned ; and killed the untimely December larvae for con¬ 
venience of study under a microscope. No more hatched until April 
10th, and most of the eggs are now (April 16th) changing colour. 
Buckler ( Larvae, viii., cxliv., fig. 3-3 d) figured a nice series of the 
adult larvae, and Mr. Porritt’s description is quoted (from Entom., ix., 
p. 13) on pp. 93-94 of the same volume. From these it is clearly 
manifest how closely related this species is to L. pvunata —for I can 
see no ground whatever for thinking of mere convergence through 
similarity of environment, and the egg and newly-hatched larva fully 
bear out the relationship. This is the only one of the ochreous species 
of Lyyris occurring in this country in which the adult larva agrees 
with pvunata in its swollen mesothorax with black collar, &c. The 
imago of L. populata is very variable in ground colour, in depth of 
markings, &c. Linne’s type was pale yellow with the central area 
darkened, probably the commonest form of the species. Ab. dotata, 
L., Cl., was the form resembling L. associata, i.e., with the central 
area concolorous with the rest of the wing, though, of course, margined 
with dark lines ( Vide Ent. Record, ix., p. 200). Ab. musauaria, Frr., 
is the well-known dark form, which is not infrequent in many parts of 
Scotland, and in the Alps, &c., but, strictly speaking, it should be 
split up into two at least, the nearly unicolorous brown, or reddish 
brown, and the actual deep fuscous. Freyer’s figure (Neu. Beitr., vii., 
pi. 664, 3, p. 112) is curious, medium-brown, the central area with 
very anpulated borders, darker coloured than its central part. In Ent. 
Record, x., p. 206, Mr. Cheesman records “ var. fuscata" as occurring 
in Orkney, but gives no detailed reference. Unless this has been 
previously applied otherwise, I propose to utilise it hero uh. Juseata, 
n. ab., wings uniform deep fuscous. 
Lygris testata, L.—Mr. A. Simmons, of Nottingham, sent me 
ova in October, 1898. They were practically indistinguishable, to the 
naked eye, from those of L. prunata; under the microscope they 
appeared just a shade darker, and were seen to be irregularly mottled 
with dull purple. Mr. Bacot has described this egg in Ent. Record, 
xii., p. 132. Some days before hatching they assume a more greyish 
tinge. They hatched at the end of April, but I lost most of them 
through a series of mishaps, and only brought one or two through. 
