20 
any herbage, and is greenish-yellow with blackish markings, turning 
to a dirty brown before emergence. The pupae require to be kept in 
a moist atmosphere, otherwise they will dry up. 
Epinephele tithonm .—This I fed up from larvae taken at Orpington 
during June, 1907. They were nearly all fullfed, and were of a 
greenish-grey, and some, in fact, were quite green. Tithonm larvae 
love a nice bank running along .a wood or hedge. The pupa? are very 
hardy ; some were suspended, whilst others seemed content to pupate 
amongst the roots of grass. Those that did hang seemed to do it in 
a half-hearted sort of way, just a slight touch, and they were dis¬ 
connected. The pupa varies greatly in colour, from drab to dark 
brown, interrupted with pale stripes ; it is very stumpy in appearance. 
I found this very easy to rear. The imagines I bred were very dingy, 
however, as compared with those I bred from Dawlish larvae, which 
were a much richer race. The undersides, also, were much redder, 
more in harmony with the red sand-shore of Devonshire. 
In all these cases the larvae were fed on this potted grass arrange¬ 
ment, and thrived very well indeed. 
Whilst on the subject of breeding, perhaps it would not be out of 
place to mention another of our butterflies that is easy to rear, and worth 
a trial by all who have docks growing in their gardens, vis., the small 
copper. I captured five $> s of the second brood at Dover, end of July, 
1906, and brought them home to try for eggs. I had in my garden 
some very large roots of dock all in flower, about five feet high and 
covering about a six foot square patch ; this I covered in with white 
tiffany, and therein placed phlaeas, and left them without attention 
during August, being on my holidays. 1 did not look at them till 
beginning of September, when, to my surprise, I found both pupie and 
full-fed larvae; the larva? were exceeding pretty, some were bright apple- 
green, others green with a red lateral line, some of a greyish tint, and 
others of a reddish hue, and all were about pupating. I again noticed 
the wonderful protective colouring of the larva?. The red lined larva? 
were very fond of resting on the stems of the dock, which had red 
lines running down, the green form preferred the green stems, and 
those of mixed colouration preferred the small leaflets amongst the 
flowers. Nearly all the small dumpy brownish pupae were amongst the 
dried brownish leaves at the bottom of the plant. They started 
emerging about mid September, about 70 in all, and it seems remark¬ 
able how such a frail insect can emerge from such an apparently hard 
pupa case. The wings were plainly visible two days before emerging, 
and looked as if they were enveloped in a glass shroud. The develop¬ 
ment of the wings is very rapid, which unfold at once to their proper 
size. 
I was not able to get pairings of these in confinement, so I obtained 
seven $ s of the first brood in June, 1907, and placed them under the 
same conditions. I found that the ova were white and were laid 
mostly amongst the leaflets between the flow'ers, while a few were 
attached to the stems just below the flowers and under the small leaflets. 
This brood was kept under closer observation, but the weather was so 
bad that they dragged on double the time, and produced the second 
brood during August and September. I was not able to get any pairings, 
so how a third brood fared in nature I do not know, I should think it 
xx. 
