43 
ground-colour nearly white, and the central band sharply black-brown; 
this cannot be the same as “ var. euphrasiata,” but it would be inter¬ 
esting to see how near it comes to it. 
I do not know of anything in the nature of geographical varieties 
with this local species, unless euphrasiata, Mill., really be such. Dark 
specimens, such as Staudinger would have called ab. aquilaria, may 
turn up anywhere; in our National Collection, the example most 
nearly approaching Herrich-Schaeffer’s figure is from Valais, from 
Frey’s collection. According to Milliere the type form ( bifaciata) is 
generally commoner than ab. unifasciata, especially in Provence. 
P. bifaciata is mainly confined to central, and some parts of 
southern, Europe. Staudinger (Cat., ed. 3, p. 304), is wrong in 
excepting Holland; see Snellen (Tijd. Ent., xiii., p. 87). In Britain, 
it is very far from;being the rarity it was considered in Newman’s 
time; in fact, especially in the southern counties, it seems to occur 
wherever its foodplant, Bartsia odontites, occurs freely; I can mention 
Epping, Coulsdon, Sandown and Torquay, from my own experience. 
It is somewhat kept in check by the ichneumons which infest it, and 
which, now and then, seem completely to get the upper hand ; but in 
average years plenty manage to escape them. The imago may sometimes 
be beaten from edges in the day-time, but flies at dusk, and is attracted 
by light. 
Guenee (Ur. et Phal., ii., p. 294) mentioned that this species bears 
some resemblance to “ Coremia ferrugata,” etc. Newman (Brit. Moths, 
p. 116) “went one better,” and thought it looked quite out of place in 
Emmelesia. The discovery of the larva, with its apparent connection 
with that of blandiata, the apparent contact of the imago with vnnorata 
through euphrasiata, Mill., etc., show that it is correctly placed, and 
my only hesitation is whether I ought not to have united it with the 
blandiata group, instead of indicating it as forming a group apart. 
The larva was made known in a brief note by Anton Schmid, in 1863 
(Berl. Ent. Zeit., vii., p. 57), and more fully by Milliere, in 1870 (7c., 
iii., p. 147). Both found it on Euphrasia (Bartsia) lutea, a non- 
British species; but it also feeds on the allied Bartsia odontites 
( = Odontites rubra—0. divertjem), as recorded by Hellins and others 
in England (Ent. Mo. Map., vi., p. 187, January, 1870), and by Sand 
in France (Cat. Lep. Auvergne, p. 109). It eats the seeds, commencing 
by burrowing, but feeding exposed in its last stadium, when it becomes 
variable in colour—brown or dull green, etc., but always assimilating 
well with its surroundings. The eggs are very easy to find in plenty, 
if one looks closely at the calyx, etc., of the flowers on which they are 
laid. The pupa generally goes over two winters, as was first noted by 
Dardouin, and published by Milliere (loc. cit.) ; he says “ casually only 
eleven months,” and though I always get a few emergences after the 
first hibernation, I agree that the larger number are to be expected the 
second year. Some, however, go over a third winter ; especially was 
this the case with the pup* from larv* which I collected in 1901, 
only about 8 or 10 emerging in 1902, 18 in 1903, and 15 in 1904 ; 
they can hardly be blamed for having thus shown their disapprobation 
of the summers of 1902 and 1903. Of all the species which I breed 
regularly, this is the latest to appear from over-winter pup*; a few 
straggle out in July, occasionally beginning as early as about the 10th ; 
but the great majority do not appear till August, keeping on regularly 
