36 
the hind margin, diminishing in size towards the apex and the hind- 
wings, with a transverse and slightly curved white band, divided into 
spots by the nervures. Sometimes the anal angle is marked with orange 
above, but always on the underside, where, in addition, there is always 
a suh-marginal row of orange lunules. These markings are very con¬ 
stant in the male. The first form of the female, a by no means common 
form, exactly resembles the male, except that it has a distinct ocellus 
at the anal angle, on the upper surface. Varieties occur with a few 
sub-marginal red lunules, thus indicating a slight approximation to 
the second form of the female. The first form may conveniently be 
termed the P. pammon form. This second form of the female, by far 
the most common, is that originally described as P. polytes. It differs 
from the first form in having the white band of the hind-wing reduced 
to a large central blotch, divided into spots by the nervures. The anal 
angle possesses a large red blotch, and there is a strongly marked sub¬ 
marginal row of red lunules. The nervures of the fore-wings on the 
disc are bordered with whitish scales. A rare variety of this form 
approaches the first form, in having the white blotch laterally extended, 
and in the absence of the red patch at the anal angle. This P. polytes 
form bears a very strong likeness to an abundant Indian and Malay 
peninsula species, P. aristolochiae, a member of another group of 
the Papilionid;e, which is protected by the pungent emanation from 
its scent glands. The third form of the female, in place of the white 
markings on the hind-wings, has them wholly replaced by red, both on 
the upper and undersides. This form was described by Cramer as a 
distinct species, under the name of P. romulus. It mimics another 
species of the polydorus group, viz., P. hector, so faithfully, 
that it has frequently been sent home for this species, and De Iiaan 
even figured it as the female of P. hector. It will be seen from the 
table previously given, that the distribution of these forms is Conti¬ 
nental, although occasionally a tailed male is sent to Europe from 
one or other of the Malayan Islands. In Malayana, that is, Java, 
Sumatra, Borneo, Limbock, Timor, etc., a male form is found exactly 
like the typical male P. pammon in markings, but somewhat smaller in 
size, and having the tale reduced to a projecting tooth. This has been 
described as a distinct species under the name of P. thcseus, but Dr. 
Wallace, in his “ Papilionidse of the Malay Region,” does not consider 
it more than a sub-species of the well-known P. pammon. The females 
accompanying this form are not precisely like those of the typical P. 
pammon, but bear a striking likeness to them, and correspond 
in gradation of variation. Wallace took one specimen only of a 
tailless female, on the Island of Timor, in copula with a male 
P. theseus, which it exactly resembled, except that it had a very 
slightly marked red and blue ocellus at the anal angle. This may be 
termed the P. theseus form of the femalo. The second form of the 
female of P. theseus has the fore-wings much paler alongside each 
nervure, and in the hind-wing the white blotch always covers more of the 
discoidal cell, and is externally bordered by red. It so closely resombles 
the femalo of P. polyphonies, one of the protected polydorus group, that a 
specimen was figured by De Iiaan for that species. This form only exists 
in Borneo, Java, and Timor, and is somowhat local. It has recoivod the 
name of P. timorensis. Itis a tailed form. The third form, like the third 
form of P. pammon, is characterised by the entiro absonco of tho white 
