31 
The orange parts of the peacock spots of ? blues on the underside, 
are seldom reproduced to same extent on uppersides. 
It stands to reason that probably this would be so; but one con¬ 
fesses that for it to prove a fact of such unmitigated severity came as 
a surprise. 
With regard—in passing—to the phraseology of the title, one may 
remark, in explanation of this loosely worded heading, that it was 
intended to refer to the markings anil colours of the one surface as 
compared with those of the other. And one justifies one’s choice of 
subject (in spite of one’s consciousness tbat there are those who turn 
aside from him who would speak of undersides—perhaps this con¬ 
sciousness is the best justification) on many grounds:— 
Firstly, the more one gives one’s consideration to the undersides at 
home oi 1 abroad, at rest or in flight, alive or dead, the higher one rates 
them in Nature s works, and the more one feels one has neglected 
them, e\en after one has arrived at the stage when one commences 
each series with the undersides, when one has decided that, in future, 
in cases where a specimen shows equally marked and equally rare form 
of aberration on upper- and undersides, the specimen shall be set as 
an underside. 
Secondly, one justifies the choice of subject on the ground that 
our little knowledge of their enemies does not put us in the position 
where we are able to adjudicate on the value to the butterflies of the 
forms of their undersides; we probably underrate them, and fairly 
generally neglect this point of view. 
thirdly, one justifies one’s choice by reference to the general lack 
of knowledge, in anyway, concerning the undersides as compared with 
the knowledge obtained of the uppersides, that is to say, on the 
ground of a general neglect. 
Before commencing the detailed consideration of the underside, one 
begs indulgence for a few terms almost necessary to this discussion, but 
not in use. The intention is to be able to shortly designate the different 
portion of the underside, usually contrasted by butterflies ( Vanessa , 
(Pyrameis), Coenonynipha, Colias, Eitchloe), where one part is the 
apical portion of primary, and the whole surface of the secondary— 
viz., those parts exposed in sleep, which may be termed the phaneron; 
the other, which may be called the crypton, is the part of the upper 
wing, approximately, which, in sleep, is “hidden” by the hindwing. 
The crypton—the part hidden in sleep (of the underside of°the 
upper wing) varies in different species in its extent, consequently, a 
name is required for the part of the upper wing which can be hidden 
by the lower wing, whether or no the sleep posture comprises this. 
This being called the proximon, i.e., the whole upper wing except 
apex, then one is enabled shortly to say that in some species the 
crypton is a smaller portion of the proximon than in other species. 
These remarks lead to a classification of the crypton as A (i.). 
The Crypton* may be:—1. Full, then it = proximon, where costs; of 
* The terms originally proposed were “ Cryptomere ” and “ Phaneromere,” 
in ignorance of the fact (if it was priory that Tschermak applied it in other senses. 
Of which use Prof. Bateson says (Mendel’s Principles of Heredity) “ Cryptomeres, 
The term is open to the objection which Zoologists specially will feel, that it may 
cause confusion owing to the fact that the series of words containing 1 mere,’ are 
now universally understood to refer to processes of division—or Meristic features.” 
So discussion of priority is valueless. 
xix. 
