ANTHROPOLOGY. 
405 
the Wa-kwavi (agricultural Masai) of Taveita, Arusa, 
and tlie Ruvu valley. 
The distinction made between the Wa-kwavi and 
Masai has been already commented on, and I would 
only refer to it again to repeat it is little more than 
one based on mode of life. In speech these two 
divisions of the race are identical, and the Wa-kwavi 
only differ from the Masai in appearance in those dis¬ 
tricts where they have made slaves among the neigh¬ 
bouring Bantu tribes and taken the females as con¬ 
cubines, a thing which has occurred considerably—as 
I am informed by Swahili traders—in those vague 
districts lying between Kilima-njaro and Unyamwezi. 
Bat as the Masai of neighbouring districts do the same, 
with the same result, namely, that the colour of the 
skin becomes black, and the features lose all fineness 
of moulding—this negroid mingling is not to be taken 
as a characteristic of the Wa-kwavi section. 
The previous history of the Masai people has been 
a common incident in the unwritten race-struggles 
which surge among savage humanity. It has been 
that of most rising and invading populations, like the 
Huns and Turks and Goths of Europe. First, some 
tribe, or division of a tribe, has been forced into war 
in self-defence, and has won a victory over its as¬ 
sailants. Then it acquires a taste for fighting, and 
from being persecuted becomes the persecutor. It 
spreads its conquests and ravages far and wide, the 
fighting qualities descend from father to son in in¬ 
creasing intensity. Soon, however, there are no 
weaker peoples left to subdue or to harry. The land 
is a wilderness, cultivation has ceased. The fighting 
tribe suffers from hunger. Then a section of them 
turns to the soil and commences a rude agriculture. 
