462 
THE KILIMA NJARO EXPEDITION. 
apparently the same as those in the nominative case. 
In construction they are placed after the verb or pre¬ 
dicate. 
“ I give you ” is Nanu aiso ie. 
I give you. 
“ Thou givest me ” is lye iso nanu. 
Thou givest me. 
At the same time, it must be remarked that in 
speaking Masai the pronoun in the objective case is 
often understood rather than given. Thus “ I give ” 
will often stand for “ I give him, or you, or them,” 
according to the context. 
Reflective pronouns are often simply the ordinary 
personal forms, but in cases of peculiar emphasis the 
words os-sesin (body), ol-dau (heart), are used in 
conjunction with possessive pronouns. Thus “I, 
myself,” is nanu, os-sesin-lai, lit. “I, my body;” or 
“I love myself,” Nanu as am dl-dau-lai, lit. “I love 
my heart.” 
For the 3rd person, sing, and plur., a form ninye, 
or nenye, is sometimes used. This may possibly be an 
old feminine form of the 3rd person possessive article, 
enye, and may refer to a feminine noun understood. 
A reciprocal form of the pronouns is sometimes made 
by prefixing pa, a preposition meaning “ for, by, with,” 
as paiok, paye , &c. This has often the force of “ each 
other .” 
Before the verb-root certain particles are used which 
seem originally to have been abbreviated forms of the 
personal pronouns. 
Tor the 1st person sing. a-. 
„ 2nd „ „ 
„ 3rd „ „ e-. (Vide supra.) 
„ 1st „ plur. hi-. 
