123 
1918.] The N.Z. Journal of Science and Technology. 
Space forbids a full account of each of these, and attention will be 
confined to research carried out by manufacturing corporations. This 
appears to develop through more or less well-defined stages, as follows :— 
{a.) Eesearch applied to the elimination of manufacturing troubles. 
(b.) Eesearch having some new and specific commercial object. 
(c.) Eesearches in pure science with no specific commercial application 
in view. 
(d.) Eesearch applied to public service. 
(e.) Eesearch for the purpose of establishing standard methods of testing 
and standard specifications connected with the purchase of raw 
materials. ■ 
The laboratories of some twenty-one corporations are illustrated and 
briefly described, with an account of the number of the staff and the nature 
of the research undertaken. This section of the report ends with a resume 
of the principal features, which we reproduce in full :■— 
“ [a.) The installation in many cases of full-scale manufacturing facili¬ 
ties, which on the one hand enables processes to be perfected 
and the works to be relieved from the hampering effects of 
experimental developments, and on the other hand gives the 
laboratory staff some elementary practical introduction to the 
complexities of actual manufacture as contrasted with the 
relative simplicity of laboratory preparation. 
“ (b.) The provision of manufacturing facilities in the laboratory in 
order to develop such products as result from new discoveries 
to the point at which the scale of manufacture calls for transfer 
to one of the works departments or to a new or separate 
organization. 
“ (c.) The growing tendency to devote more and more of the resources 
of the laboratories to pure science investigations with a view 
to making discoveries. Such discoveries produce industrial 
developments which will facilitate progress in industries already 
established, or secure priority in some new industrial field. 
“ ( d .) The freedom with which results of investigations in pure science 
are published by those at whose expense the work has been 
accomplished. 
“ (e.) The growing appreciation of men with scientific training not only 
in the research laboratory, where such training is essential, but 
also in regular manufacturing employment. 
“ (/.) The value of research laboratories as a means of inspiring 
confidence in the minds of customers, as an effective ad¬ 
vertisement, and as evidence of up-to-date working which 
enhances the standing of the company with whom they are 
connected. 
“ (g.) The employment of the laboratories by financiers for the purpose 
of ascertaining the merits of new industrial propositions of 
which the value has not been commercially established. 
“ (h.) The appreciation of the fact that well-conducted research labora¬ 
tories on a large scale are sound financial propositions, as 
indicated by the increase in the number of such laboratories as 
parts of the establishments of large firms. 
