260 The N.Z. Journal of Science and Technology. [Sept. 
* 
science is a very good preparation for the study of anthropology ; indeed, 
it is highly desirable that a student should have a good previous know¬ 
ledge of natural science — geology, geography, botany, zoology, human 
anatomy, and physiology being of especial value. Most of the dis¬ 
tinguished anthropologists of the present day have had their training in 
one or more of these sciences. Practically any branch of knowledge is 
ancillary to anthropology. 
Another advantage of this study is that it combines practical work 
in the museum and in the field with study in the library. The very 
voluminous literature of exploration, travel, and of official and missionary 
records has to be ransacked, and a critical weighing of the evidence of the 
recorded data has to be made. Disconnected observations have to be 
co-ordinated. Not merely cultural elements but culture-complexes have 
to be isolated, and their distribution and wanderings tabulated. A con¬ 
siderable knowledge of technical processes is necessary in order to appre¬ 
ciate the data of material cultures, for which some knowledge of botany 
and zoology is also highly desirable. A knowledge of Recent geology is 
essential for archaeology. Some knowledge of linguistics and phonology 
is necessary, as is also an acquaintance with psychology. Every student 
should have sufficient instruction in human anatomv in order to under- 
stand the researches of the physical anthropologist, and to enable him to 
make observations on the living and on skulls or other bones. The student 
should always be impressed with the fact that anthropology is a living and 
growing science, and that his aim should be to make new observations 
and original investigations. A university in New Zealand is in a peculiarly 
favourable position for field work of this nature, either at home or among 
the islands of the Pacific. The lack of any teaching on the subject is a 
reproach to the universities of Australasia, which have immediate access 
to an unsurpassed field of research. 
It is needless to point out how important a study of anthropology is 
for those who have to administer barbaric or savage countries, and it is 
of especial value in the training of missionaries. 
The nature of academic recognition naturally depends on the consti¬ 
tution of each university, and in a matter of this kind I can only venture 
to indicate what appear to me as general principles. 
At first a new subject is usually associated with more or less cognate 
subjects which have attained university recognition. Thus anthropology 
might conveniently find a place in the biological group, or if geography 
be a well-established subject it might very well be grouped with it. 
Given a three-years course, I think it would be advisable for the first 
two years to be devoted solely to science, and the student should be 
recommended to take geology, botany, and zoology. General anthropology 
might be studied in the third year only, or it might be distributed over the 
second and third years, other subjects being taken concurrently. 
For an honours examination it would be necessary to give at least 
another year to the study of anthropology, and for this a dissertation in 
addition to an examination should be required. Further, the candidate 
should be required to specialize in one department in addition to having 
a working knowledge of the whole subject. 
If a student has already proved that he possesses a really good general 
knowledge of the subject it should be unnecessary to examine him for the 
D.Sc. in anthropology, but for this degree a thesis based on original work 
should be obligatory. 
