6 The N.Z. Journal of Science and Technology. [Jan. 
In Europe and North America Limnoria lignorum seems to be constantly 
associated with Chelura terebrans, the two boring together into the same 
block of timber, so that it is practically impossible to say by which the 
actual damage is done. Both species are found in Auckland Harbour, and 
have evidently been introduced together ; as yet the Chelura has not been 
found in Lyttelton Harbour with Limnoria, nor has it been recorded from 
Australia. At Christmas Island, Indian Ocean, a Limnoria and a Chelura 
are also found together, and each has been described as a new species by 
Caiman (1910, p. 182). 
Other associations less intimate have been described in connection 
with Limnoria. In England the. Isopod Tanais vittatus was constantly 
found by Dr. Macdonald (1875, p. 67) in the holes bored by Limnoria 
lignorum and Chelura terebrans; and in the specimens sent me both from 
Auckland and Lyttelton I found, along with the Limnoria, numerous speci¬ 
mens of the Amphipod •“ Corophium contractum ” G. M. Thomson (1881, 
p. 220). Neither the Tanais nor the Ck Corophium ” is known as a borer, 
and their presence is probably merely due to the fact that the timber 
bored by Limnoria affords them a suitable home, though their occurrence 
here is worthy of note as perhaps showing the first stage in an association 
which may develop into a much closer one, similar to that between 
Limnoria and Chelura. 
Chelura terebrans Philippi 
Chelura terebrans (fig. 6) is a peculiar Amphipod of small size, the 
male being 6 mm. long and the female slightly smaller, 5 mm. Chelura is 
the only genus of the family Cheluridae, and differs very considerably 
from most Amphipods in the peculiar structure of the terminal portion of 
the body. The second, or inferior, antenna is also peculiar in having the 
flagellum composed of a single joint, forming a large, elliptical, flattened 
Fig. 6. —Chelura terebrans Philippi ; female (after Sars). 
plate fringed with hairs. The third segment of the pleon is produced 
dorsally into a long median process, longer in the male than in the female, 
and the last two pairs of appendages, or uropoda, are specially modified, 
the terminal one having a short peduncle and the ramus greatly elongated. 
This appendage, like the inferior antenna, is more largely developed in 
the male than in the female. The legs of Chelura are all of approximately 
the same size, and the two anterior pairs, or gnathopoda, are not greatly 
developed. 
