1919.j 
Astronomical Notes. 
39 
Example 2 . — A globular cluster consisting of 6,300 stars appears of 
mag. 4-5 : if the stars in it are equally bright, what is the magnitude of 
each ? 
From the table we see the cluster is 9-5 magnitudes brighter than a 
single star : therefore the magnitude of the stars is 14. 
ft. 
b. 
w. 
b. 
ft. 
b. 
ft. 
b. 
•1 
1-0965 
2-6 
10-965 
5-1 
109-65 
7-6 
1096-5 
•2 
1 -2023 
2-7 
12-023 
5-2 
120-23 
7-7 
1202-3 
•3 
1-3183 
2-8 
13-183 
5-3 
131-83 
7-8 
1318-3 
•4 
1 -4455 
2-9 
14-455 
5-4 
144-55 
7-9 
1445-5 
•5 
1-5849 
3-0 
15-849 
5-5 
158-49 
8-0 
1584-9 
•6 
1-7378 
3-1 
17-378 
5-6 
173-78 
8-1 
1737-8 
l-i 
# i 
] -9055 
3-2 
19-055 
5-7 
190-55 
8-2 
1905-5 
•8 
2-0893 
3-3 
20-893 
5-8 
208-93 
8-3 
2089-3 
•9 
2-2909 
3-4 
22-909 
5-9 
229-09 
8-4 
2290-9 
1-0 
2-5119 
3-5 
25-119 
6-0 
251-19 
8-5 
2511-9 
M 
2-7543 
3-6 
27-543 
6-1 
275-43 
8-6 
2754-3 
1-2 
3-0200 
3-7 
30-200 
6-2 
302-00 
8-7 
3020-0 
1-3 
3-3113 
3-8 
33-113 
6-3 
331-13 
8-8 
3311-3 
1*4 
3-6308 
3-9 
36-308 
6-4 
363-08 
8-9 
3630-8 
1-5 
3-9811 
4-0 
39-811 
6-5 
398-11 
9-0 
3981-1 
1-6 
4-3652 
4-1 
43-652 
6-6 
436-52 
9-1 
4365-2 
1 -7 
4-7863 
4-2 
47-863 
6-7 
478-63 
9-2 
4786-3 
1-8 
5-2481 
4-3 
52-481 
6-8 
524-81 
9-3 
5248-1 
1-9 
5-7544 
4-4 
57-544 
6-9 
575-44 
9-4 
5754-4 
2-0 
6-3096 
4-5 
63-096 
7-0 
630-96 
9-5 
6309-6 
2-1 
6-9183 
4-6 
69-183 
7-1 
691-83 
9-6 
691 8-3 
2-2 
7-5858 
4-7 
75-858 
7-2 
758-58 
9-7 
7585-8 
2-3 
8-31 76 
4-8 
83-176 
7-3 
831-76 
9-8 
8317-6 
2-4 
9-1201 
4-9 
91-201 
7-4 
912-01 
9-9 
9120-1 
2-5 
10-0000 
5-0 
100-000 
7-5 
1000-00 
10-0 
10000-0 
A. C. G. 
The Origin of New Stars. 
Before any theory as to the origin of new stars can meet with acceptance 
it must give a reasonable explanation of the following crucial points :— 
(1.) The stupendous magnitude of the outburst. 
(2.) The suddenness with which the colossal transformation of energy is 
effected. 
(3.) The rapid and fitful decline in brightness, which, though slow 
compared with the rise, is really even more astounding in its 
rapidity. This test alone proves absolutely fatal to nearly every 
theory that has been proposed. 
(4.) The marvellous complexity of the spectrum, the characteristic series 
of variations which it undergoes, and the startling changes in 
constitution which these spectral changes imply. 
Any theory which survives after a critical application of these four tests 
deserves serious consideration. The true theory should account also for — 
(5.) The frequency of the outbursts. 
(6.) The distribution of new stars with respect to the galactic system. 
(7.) The special details of the light-changes in each particular case. 
It should also throw light on a number of other subjects connected with 
cosmogony — as, for instance, double stars, spectroscopic binaries, variable 
stars, Wolf-Rayet stars, planetary nebulae, and other relics to be found in 
the heavens of similar outbursts in the distant past. 
It is proposed, as space permits, to apply the above tests in succession 
to the principal theories which have been advanced with regard to new 
stars, and to consider specially the theory which, up to the present, appears 
best able to stand the ordeal — viz., that published in 1878 by Professor 
