116 The N.Z. Journal of Science and Technology. [Mar 
41. Port Hardy, D’Urville Island. Lab., No. 4, 1869, p. 15 (no analysis 
given). 
42. Nelson district. Lab., No. 18, 1883, p. 48 (two analyses). 
43. Waimakariri. Cox, 1882, p. 424 ; Hector , Rep. Geol. Explor., No. 21, 
1892, p. 113. 
44. Malvern Hills. Lab., No. 3, 1868, p. 13 (no analysis given). Cox, 
1882, p. 424, refers to the same sample (braunite). 
45. Selwyn River. Cox, Trans., vol. 14, 1882, p. 424. 
46. Ashburton district. Lab., No. 27, 1893, p. 33. 
47. Rakaia. Lab., No. 26, 1892, p. 35. 
48. Nenthorn, Otago. Lab., No. 25, 1891, p. 66. 
49. Taieri Mouth. Hutton and Ulrich, Geology of Otago, 1875, p. 149 ; 
Lab., No. 22, 1887, p. 50, and No. 25, 1891, pp. 66-67 ; Rep. 
Geol. Explor., No. 21, 1892, pp. lix-lxiii. 
50. Tokomairiro (Milton). Lab., No. 8, 1873, p. 27 (no analysis given). 
51. Dome Mountain, Southland. Lab., No. 24, 1890, p. 35. 
52. Stewart Island. Lab., No. 24, 1890, pp. 35-36 (two analyses). 
There are various other records of manganese-ore, or manganese-bearing 
rock, most of which are attributed to indefinite localities, such as 
“ Auckland.” “ Rimutaka Range,” “ vicinity of Wellington,” “Canterbury,” 
“ Southland,” &c. The “ black Maoris” of the Otago gold-diggers consist 
in most cases of rolled pebbles formed of a mixture of iron and manganese 
oxides (see Park, Bull. No. 7, 1909, p. 95). 
The localities that merit further description are Bay of Islands, Parua 
Bay, Waiheke Island, Pahiki Island, vicinity of Wellington, and Taieri 
Mouth. 
Near the top of the hill Tikiora or Tikitikiora, about three miles south-east 
of Russell, on the north side of Waikare Inlet, manganese-ore was mined 
well over fifty years ago. Mining continued at intervals for thirty years or 
more, and in all a considerable tonnage of ore was extracted. The workings 
and a section through Tikitikiora Hill are briefly described by Hector in 
Rep. Geol. Explor., No. 21, 1892, pp. xxii-xxiii. Hector also mentions 
manganese-ore at Cook's Point, on the south side of Waikare Inlet (p. xxiii). 
The ore at Tikitikiora was lowered by wire rope to the water’s edge, then 
loaded into punts, which transferred it to vessels for transmission to 
Auckland. This method of loading was adopted owing to the shallow 
water of the little arm of Waikare Inlet near the mine (J. A. Pond, Trans., 
vol. 21, 1889, p. 355). 
During the “eighties” of last century some high-grade manganese-ore 
was mined at Parua Bay, near Whangarei (Pond, Trans., vol. 21, 1889, 
pp. 355, 356). 
According to Pond, manganese-mining on a large scale in the Auckland 
Province first began at Waiheke Island about 1876 or a little later. The 
ore was carted from the mine to the water’s edge, where it was loaded into 
cutters and taken to Auckland. At that port it was discharged direct into 
sailing-vessels—the old wool clippers—which took it at a low freight on 
account of its value as ballast. Manganese-mining at Waiheke ceased some 
time in the “ nineties.” 
In the Auckland mines described by Pond the ore occurred in irregular 
patches or bunches, some of which yielded several hundred tons of shipping 
grade. The material had to be carefully picked, for as mined it generally 
contained a good deal of haematite, clay, and siliceous gangue. There were 
no true lodes, though in places the bunches of ore had the appearance of 
