282 The N.Z. Journal of Science and Technology. [July 
known glauconitic horizon in the Waitotaran, and, as was expected, it 
yielded new species of brachiopods—viz., Neothyris sp. and Terebratulina sp. 
The mudstones forming the cliffs on the north-west corner of Palliser 
Bay rest on a thin bed of gritty sandstone containing Terehratella neo- 
zelandica and Hemithyris antipodum, and this in turn rests unconformably 
on greywackes. The lowest layers of the mudstone contain numerous fossil 
mollusca, of Oamaruian and probably Awamoan age, including a form 
resembling Struthiolaria tuberculata, but distinguished by an enormously 
swollen inner lip. Mudstones considerably higher up in the succession con¬ 
tain a Waitotaran fauna, with such species as Verconella orbita (Hutt.), 
Cominella purcliasi Suter, and Pecten delicatulus Hutt. The succeeding 
sandy and gravelly beds at the mouth of the Ruamahunga River yield 
mostly Recent species, including Pecten delicatulus. 
The nature of the beds and the succession of the fossil faunas in the 
Palliser Bay district show a close parallelism with those of the Awatere 
series in Marlborough, and evidently belong to the same diastrophic sub¬ 
district, characterized by a marine transgression commencing near the close 
of the Oamaruian and extending throughout the Waitotaran, and affecting- 
areas of pre-Notocene rocks not submerged during the lower Notocene 
transgressions. 
Specimens of Pecten delicatulus showing clearly the ornament of both 
valves were obtained both from Palliser Bay and from mudstones inter¬ 
calated in the Wairarapa limestone at Twaite’s cutting, near Martinborough. 
These show that the assumption of Hutton, which was accepted by Suter, 
that Pecten difluxus is a synonym of Pecten delicatulus cannot be upheld, 
and the former must therefore be regarded a valid species. There is a Recent 
specimen in the Dominion Museum, labelled “New Zealand/’ which appears 
to be Pecten delicatulus. 
The Significant Features of Reef-bordered Coasts, by W. M. Davis 
(communicated by W. N. Benson). 
(This paper will appear in the Transactions.) 
Rough Ridge, Otago, and its Splintered Fault-scarp, by C. A. Cotton. 
(This paper will appear in the Transactions.) 
Geography : Some Educational Aspects of the Subject, by E. K. Lomas. 
Education, from one point of view, consists in bringing a mind into 
close touch with its environment through the senses. The more often the 
mind is roused to activity by excitations from the outside, the more it 
develops. The special section of the environment in which we are par¬ 
ticularly interested—I speak to a meeting of geologists—is that included 
under the term “ geology ” ; and the only means we have of introducing 
our subject into the schools is through the medium of geography, so that 
this.subject should be an object of lively interest to all present. And there 
is no doubt about it, we shall have to take more interest in the subject, 
for several reasons—(1) because the subject itself is developing rapidly 
and becoming more definite, more full of content, more logical in arrange¬ 
ment ; -(2) because it is an eminently suitable subject for educational 
purposes ; and (3) because the amount of inaccurate knowledge prevalent 
in the community regarding certain aspects of it is truly alarming and 
deplorable. For instance, the following are examples of the kind of informa¬ 
tion possessed by pupils that have had two years’ instruction in schools 
