102 The NVZ. Journal of Science and Technology. [April 
several feet of carbonaceous shale alongside it, and fireclays above and 
below, the upper layer of good quality and the lower layer somewhat too 
siliceous for a good fireclay. Associated with the main seam were several 
others of lignite, but too impure to be worth working. The dip of the 
beds is at an angle of about 18°, but when traced to the rise they flatten 
out, and the same applies in all probability to the dip. At the time of my 
last visit a fault had been met with in dip drives made from the main level. 
Its direction runs north-west and south-east, with a downthrow to the 
south-west of about 8 ft. 
The most unsatisfactory feature of the coal-seam is its thinning-out 
to less than 1 ft. when followed in the direction of the strike, and also 
completely cutting out when followed to the rise. Owing to the absence 
of prospecting ahead of development, there appeared to be no certainty 
of the chances of the mine at this spot, and the operations here were 
abandoned temporarily, and transferred to Alum Creek, where coal could 
be more readily won, the intention being to return to the scene of earlier 
operations when prospecting had been carried out. The dip drives at 
present being opened are being made with this object. 
As far as can be seen, the reason for the apparent petering-out of the 
seams is that in this part of the area they have never been deposited. In 
one case there is distinct evidence of a washout during deposition. These 
irregularities are certainly due to the conditions of deposit, and might be 
expected in the case of coal formed from drift material in an estuarine 
deposit. 
From the high face where the beds are exposed in the vicinity of these 
workings the measures run down towards Broken Biver. Here the sands 
higher in the series are strongly current-bedded, greenish-grey in colour, 
with fragments of coaly substance all through. On the opposite side of 
the river there are also similar beds, passing up into the brownish sand¬ 
stone which forms the bold bluff, 400 ft. in height, facing the river on the 
south. A small fault occurs in this locality, close to the site of an old 
borehole on the south side of the river. This has a north-west and south¬ 
east direction, with a downthrow of 7 ft. or 8 ft. to the north-east. This 
fault probably passes under the river and cuts the beds occurring on the 
point on the northern bank, for a fault also occurs there in the same line, with 
the same direction and amount of throw. There is some indication of 
faulting farther up-stream, near the mouth of Iron Creek, for the dip of 
the sandstones gets suddenly steeper, as if a block had been displaced and 
tilted on the lip of the syncline which is developed up Iron Creek, to be 
described later. 
Farther up Broken Biver the dip changes gradually round to the south¬ 
east in accordance with the rise of the greywacke floor near the western 
side of the basin. Just below the inflow of Winding Creek, on the south 
bank of the river, are impure shaly beds, passing up into sands and sand¬ 
stone, the former current-bedded. The strike is N. 80° E. and the dip 
to the south ; they also exhibit a number of small faults. Farther up¬ 
stream the beds swing round till the strike is N. 35° E., and consist of grey 
sands and sandy clays with lignite. One seam is about 4 ft. thick as seen 
on the bank ; it was formerly exposed for some distance in the bed of 
Broken Biver, but is now covered up with gravel. 
The lower members of the series no doubt occur in the high terrace 
of the river to the east of Winding Creek, but they are obscured by slip 
material and gravel. For some distance there are no exposures whatso¬ 
ever, but the presence of coal-outcrops in the upper part of Bocky Creek, 
on the extreme north of the area, encourages the hope that the seams may 
