1921 .] 
Best.—Huru, or Ngahuru. 
253 
Onohu’u. —In this form we note two peculiarities—the vowel-change 
and the dropped r of the Marquesas dialect, at which group the above form 
is in use. The number thirty is expressed by tekau onohu’u. The vowel- 
change from a to o is also noted in Mangarewa, Niue, Tonga, and Indonesian 
forms. 
Rongouru. —The Mangareva form of the word, in Eastern Polynesia. 
Situated as it is between ahuru at Tahiti and angahuru at Easter Island, 
the initial letter of the prefix bears a foreign aspect, and as the Marquesas 
dialect has lost the r it is possible that the Mangareva word is connected 
with that tongue, in which case rongouru is probably the older form. These 
are the only cases in Eastern Polynesia wherein the vowel o appears in the 
prefix ; it is not again encountered until we reach Niue. 
Anahulu. —A Hawaiian term denoting “ ten days,” but in old chaunts 
it appears to denote the number ten, and must have been so employed in 
past times. The number ten is now expressed in Hawaiian by the term 
umi, which is the Maori kumi ( = ten fathoms). Mr. C. J. Lyons states 
that anahulu is “ used for ten as we say a dozen for twelve ” ( Journal of 
the Polynesian Society , vol. 2, p. 176). The interchangeable nature of the 
semi-vowels r and l is illustrated in this Hawaiian term. 
Ngafulu. —A term in use at Samoa, Funafuti, and also at Tikopia, north 
of the New Hebrides. Our root word now assumes the form oifulu, which 
is met with in Western Polynesia, Melanesia, and Indonesia. In the vocabu¬ 
lary of the dialect of Tikopia, a lone isle of Maori speech in Melanesia, compiled 
by the Rev. W. J. Durrad, we note that fuangafuru is given as the term 
for ten, but twenty is denoted by rua ngafulu (two tens). A further state¬ 
ment that fua is a prefix that multiplies by ten the subjoined numeral 
somewhat confuses the issue, for in that case fuangafuru would denote 
one hundred. We must await further information. Mr. Tregear tells us 
that tino angafulu is used to express ten when speaking of persons at 
Samoa, though the passage is not very clear (see Journal of the Poly¬ 
nesian Society , vol. 1, p. 56). He thinks it probable that angahuru and 
hangahuru are more correct forms than ngahuru , and that the prefix may 
be a causative. 
Pratt’s Samoan Dictionary gives us tinoangafulu = ten, in speaking of 
persons, where one would expect to find tinongafulu. In this case the 
prefixed tino has no multiplying effect, but in other cases it multiplies the 
subjoined numeral by ten— e.g., tinolua = twenty. Another Samoan prefix 
to numerals is to > a (=toka ), which is employed only in speaking of persons, 
and either precedes tino , as to’atinoangafulu , or is used without it, as in 
to’asefulu. Thus the Samoan to’a {toka— the apostrophe shows the dropped k) 
equals Maori toko , prefixed to the digits when speaking of persons. Thus 
we find half a dozen different forms of prefix used at Samoa in connection 
with the local root form fulu ; and this diversity of form, together with 
apparent contradictory usages, may possibly be accounted for by the fact 
that the group has been populated by several different migrations, which intro¬ 
duced several modes of using numerals. We have already seen that several 
different forms of the term employed for ten have been collected on some 
other isles and groups. In such a group as the New Hebrides, where two 
languages and a number of dialects are met with, those discrepancies are 
explainable, but in small communities, as that of Leuaniua (Lord Howe 
Group) one does not expect to find them. It is quite possible that the 
collector is sometimes at fault. In his work on Easter Island, Churchill 
