38 
The N.Z. Journal of Science and Technology. 
[Mar. 
discussed by Drs. Tillyard and L. Cockayne and Mr. J. B. Garnett. A com¬ 
mittee consisting of Sir James Wilson, Mr. Campbell, and Dr. Tillyard was 
appointed to consider steps to be taken to assist in combating the ravages 
of this pest. 
Some Fodder Crops of England and New Zealand, by J. B. Garnett. 
Abstract. 
It has been dciinitely shown in the past that although forage crops are not able 
to compete with grass for cheapness of production in New Zealand, yet they fill a very 
necessary part in the economy of both dairying and sheep-farming, in so far as they are 
able to supply a succession of green food at times of the year when the pastures are 
bare. The man who has no supplementary feed ready at these times loses a great 
deal of milk immediately, and also later, because his cows, once having dropped in 
yield, do not pick up again readily when the next growth of grass occurs. Various 
fodder mixtures were given which have proved useful for these purposes in England, 
and would probably, with slight modifications, prove equally good in New Zealand r 
(1.) Oats 2 bushels, peas 1 bushel per acre. (2.) Giant ryecorn 2 bushels, winter vetches 
1 bushel per acre. The second mixture sown in autumn will grow right through the 
winter and come in early in the spring, before the grass starts. (3.) Field peas 1 bushek 
buckwheat 1 bushel, rape | lb. per acre. This mixture sown in spring will produce 
a big bulk of succulent fodder in the late summer, when the pastures are dry and burnt 
up. It w r ould be much freer from “ blight ” than rape sown alone. Various other 
fodder plants and the best varieties were dealt with, and finally the importance of the 
fuller study of the economics of the question was emphasized. 
The Economic Significance of Powdery Scab in Potatoes, by B. Waters. 
Science and its Relation to Field Instruction to Farmers, by T. H. 
Patterson. 
The Importance of Soil Survey, by T. Rjgg. 
What constitutes a Fertile Soil, by G. de S. Baylis. 
Factors in the Establishment of Lucerne, by A. H. Cockayne. 
“ Take-all ” in Wheat, by R. Waters. 
Some Important Successions in Permanent Grassland in New Zealand, 
by E. Bruce Levy. 
BIOLOGY SECTION. 
Presidential Address : New Zealand and the Biological Problems of the 
Pacific, by Professor C. Chilton. 
Abstract. 
A summary was first given of the various theories suggested by Hutton, Hedley,. 
and others to account for the relationship of New Zealand with South America on the 
one hand, and with New Caledonia, New Guinea, &c., on the other. The similarity in 
several respects between the animals and plants of the Hawaiian Islands and New 
Zealand was pointed out, and it was suggested that a careful consideration of the two 
would not only throw light on the origin of the New Zealand fauna and flora, but would 
also give useful information on the methods of evolution which had taken place in these 
two groups of islands. 
The address was followed by a short discussion, in which Drs. L. 
Cockayne and P. Marshall and Mr. W. R. B. Oliver took part. 
Some Notes on the Habits and Uses of the Toheroa, by Miss M. K.. 
Mestayer. 
