1921 .] 
Beviews and Abstracts. 
47 
the Antarctic, and with T. cazadorictna 0. Wilck. from Patagonia—forms 
that belong to the group of T. spinosa Park. 
5. Inoceramus pacificus Woods (p. 28) is identical with 7. steinmanni 
0. Wilck. from the Upper Senonian of South Patagonia and Magellan. 
The agreement is perfect, and in the three localities it occurs at a low 
horizon. 
6. Pinna sp. (Woods, p. 28) : Also sparingly found in South Patagonia 
and Antarctica. 
7. Mactra sp. (Woods, p. 30) : This is not Mactra but Lahillia, a genus 
characteristic of Patagonian and Antarctic Upper Senonian, found also in 
Quinquina beds and also in older Tertiary of Patagonia and Antarctica. 
Whether it belongs to one of the two Cretaceous forms L. luisa 0. Wilck. 
or L. veneriformis (Hupe), or to a new kind, cannot be ascertained until 
the hinge is known. This shell must be an immigrant from South America, 
for it does not occur until the Saurian beds, somewhat high in the 
Upper Senonian, while it was previously existing in the Chile-Magellan- 
West-Antarctic Province. 
8. Callista thomsoni Woods (p. 32) is very like Cytherea sp. of Quinquina. 
The relations of the New Zealand occurrences to the Upper Senonian 
from Chile, Patagonia, and Antarctica are closer than to that of any other 
country. The connection with India was earlier, but not so free as to the 
East. 
The fauna presents a pronounced Lamellibranch facies which suggests 
a shallow-water origin, so that there must have been a coast fringing the 
South Pacific. The abrupt termination of the New Zealand mountain- 
ranges in Otago shows a former extension in a south-easterly direction, 
while those of Grahamland stretched to the south-west. This range was 
fractured and depressed perhaps as early as the Upper Senonian. 
J. Marwick. 
Die Geologie von Neuseeland, by 0. Wilckens. Die Naturwissenschaften, 
Heft 41, Oktober, 1920. 
Important additions to the knowledge of the history of the Pacific Ocean 
are to be obtained by a study of the geology of New Zealand. 
The geological structure of this country may be divided into four chief 
groups :— 
(1.) Their backbone of crystalline schist separated into Silurian and 
Devonian ; also arkose, greywacke, and clay slates of the Permo- 
Carboniferous, of the Trias, and of the Jura, all intensely folded 
and containing granites and beds of serpentine. 
(2.) A border on both sides of the folded mountains—conglomerate, 
sandstone, marl, and limestone of the Middle and Upper Creta¬ 
ceous and the Tertiary. These transgressive series begin in 
separate districts with formations of different ages. Stratification 
is generally horizontal, but folding is by no means wanting, and 
faults are abundant. 
(3.) Volcanic rock. 
(4.) Quaternary and Decent moraines. 
The New Zealand mountain-folding was more recent than the Gond- 
wanaland subsidence, and so the former country underwent a phase of 
development different from the latter. The Permo-Carboniferous in New 
Zealand is marine (Maitai series), therefore no land existed then. 
The Trias fauna contains many peculiar groups, so that one has rightly 
spoken of a “ Maori ” province of the Triassic sea. There is close con¬ 
nection only with the New Caledonian Trias. 
